국내학술대회 논문집
2017년
실시간 운행 데이터를 이용한 실시간 연비평가 모델
Model of Fuel Economy Evaluation Using Real Time Driving Data
To install digital tacho graphs are mandatory equipment in current car. tacho graph stores the running{{br}}information of the vehicle in seconds. With the traffic information, the feedback it is possible for the driving{{br}}habits of the driver. this paper, we derive a fuel economy evaluation model of the driver using a digital{{br}}recording device operation. Cycle identifying operation, and evaluated for the Cycle.
자동차의 RPM 부조현상 감지를 위한 DTG 데이터 활용 연구
Study on The Use of DTG Data to Detect The RPM Shake of Automobile
The RPM fluctuation of the vehicle engine is caused by various causes, and it may be accompanied by a{{br}}phenomenon that the engine is shut off and the vehicle is shaken while driving, which is a cause of direct{{br}}connection to an accident. Most of the observation of RPM shaking phenomenon is examined with the naked{{br}}eye of the driver. However, it is ambiguous to judge the extent to which the shaking simply occurs because{{br}}there is no clear discrimination standard. In addition, the RPM fluctuation phenomenon is different in terms{{br}}of the RPM of each vehicle, and the generation environment varies, so it is difficult to make a definite{{br}}definition. In this study, image data analysis is performed to define RPM shake phenomenon of automobile{{br}}engine. Based on the definition of the above phenomenon, we study the detection model of the RPM shaking{{br}}phenomenon by using digital Tachograph record data. We use self-developed analysis tools to detect RPM{{br}}failures and work to prevent accidents in terms of vehicle maintenance.
클러치 기본 설계 자동화를 위한 규정 및 도구 분석
Analysis of rules and tools for automating basic design of clutches
클러치는 동력 전달계를 구성하는 엔진과 변속기 간의 동력을 차단 또는 연결하는 장치이다.{{br}}이 논문에서는 클러치의 기본 설계를 지원하는 자동화 시스템 개발을 위한 초기 단계로서 클{{br}}러치 작동 원리를 파악하였다. 그리고 클러치의 설계 관련 규정을 분석하였다. 마지막으로 클{{br}}러치의 기본 설계를 지원하는 유사 도구를 조사한 결과를 설명한다.
딥 러닝 알고리즘을 이용한 운전자의 의도 예측
Prediction of Driver Intention Using Deep Learning Algorithms
Safety systems to prevent traffic accidents and assistance systems to relieve the burden of driver are highly{{br}}required for vehicle safety in various driving conditions. In particular, driver's intentions at intersections in{{br}}the city are important because they are related to pedestrian accidents. The research has been conducted{{br}}actively to satisfy the requirements by predicting the driver's intention for road intersection using deep{{br}}learning algorithms. In this study, we applied the Convolutional Neural Network(CNN), Deep Neural{{br}}Network(DNN), Random Forest to infer the driver's lane change intention. First, the features were defined{{br}}for the driver, vehicle and surrounding environment, and then collected through real driving experiments.{{br}}Next, the data were processed in various window sizes to be applied to the deep learning algorithm. Finally,{{br}}the performance was estimated for various prediction distance and window sizes to find the optimal{{br}}parameters of the network.
조선산업 경쟁력 제고를 위한 PLM 시스템의 역할
The important role of PLM system in the field of
The productivity of manufacturing company may strongly depend on how to optimize production process. To achieve this, effective and integrated information handling are required from the engineering to the production. But many of ipbuilding companies are just focused on ERP and CAD solution without considering of how to integrate information of both side. This article to be discussed about the importance of backbone system covering of overall shipbuilding information and how to implementing PLM system to meet shipbuilding specific practice.
조선해양 산업용 PLM 데이터의 다차원화를 위한 ETL 프로세스 연구
A Study on ETL Process for Multidimensionalization of PLM Data in Ship and
Recently, the amount and the complexity of data have been increased due to the development of information and communication technology, and industry’s interest in big data technology is increasing day by day.{{br}}Likewise, in the ship and offshore industry, interest in effective utilization of PLM data through big data technology is increasing because various and vast amounts of data are generated during the design, production, and operation processes and they are stored in the PLM (Product Lifecycle Management) database. In order to apply big data technology to PLM data, servers should be first constructed based on big data architecture and then, the PLM data should be stored in a format that is suitable for big data analysis on the servers. In this study, we construct servers with Hadoop, which is a representative big data technology, and use a ETL (Extraction, Transformation, Loading) tool to import PLM data from the existing PLM database into the servers. Then, we save the PLM data as a multidimensional form which is appropriate for big data analysis.
빅데이터 기반의 조선 PLM 을 위한 평가지표 수립
Key Performance Index Development for the Big Data Analysis of Shipbuilding PLM
Big data analysis technology is used in many industries. In the shipbuilding industry, big data analysis technology began to be used. This paper describes how to evaluate product development performance and risk by analyzing Key Performance Index (KPI) of shipbuilding design PLM. The KPIs are drawn from the various Performance Indexes. Establishment of KPIs in the shipbuilding industry involves analyzing existing Performance Indexes and benchmarking other industry sector Performance Indexes. In this paper, the KPIs are classified into three categories: project management viewpoint, business unit viewpoint, and enterprise management viewpoint.
조선 PLM 플랫폼 적용을 위한 설계 표준 인터페이스 구축
Construction of design standard interface to apply
In the shipbuilding industry, each product has a different structure and is subject to different production processes depending on the situation of the yard. As a result, shipbuilding design takes a large part in the shipbuilding industry, and it is constantly modified during the production process of the product due to the necessity of the construction method, the situation of the yard, and the demand of the ship owner. Frequent design changes make it difficult to manage drawings and BOMs. To build a PLM system suitable for the shipyard, this should be complemented. The drawing revision work for the design change should be easy and the consistency of the association of the BOM information should be satisfied. Site operators should always be able to view the latest version of drawings and BOM information. In this study, we propose a design interface standard to satisfy this requirement.
조선 PLM을 위한 표준 BOM 템플릿 구축
Standard BOM Template Construction
The BOM (Build of Material) of the shipbuilding industry varies according to basic design, hull design, detailed design, and{{br}}production design stage. As the production method of shipbuilding progresses simultaneously with design and production, changes of E-BOM(Engineering BOM) and M-BOM(Manufacturing BOM) are frequent and difficult to connect each other.{{br}}The purpose of this study is to define a master BOM with high utilization of BOM and enhanced linkage between BOM’s and to construct a standard BOM template for use in many shipyards
모듈형 웹 기반 수술 준비 및 리소스 관리 플랫폼 개발
Development of Web-based Modular Platform for Surgery Preparation and Resource Management
The medical accident in surgical process is critical in the field of medicine and healthcare. So we have been developing an integrated platform for electronic surgical recording and surgical workflow modeling to support surgery by managing the related information. This platform adopts a web-based and modularized structure for the efficient integration of surgical information during the peri-operative period. This paper focuses on applying the platform to surgery preparation, for which various medical staffs should be involved and get many tasks done in time. So a module to be integrated into the platform has been developed, which helps the designated staffs create and manage not only general preparation processes by the type of surgery but individual ones for patients with available resources. It is also planned to develop additional functions such as automatic distribution of tasks considering staffs’ schedule and notification of the tasks to be done shortly. This{{br}}module is expected to improve the completeness and efficiency of the surgery preparation.
감성 추정을 위한 안경형 웨어러블 장치의 설계 및 성능 평가
Design and Performance Evaluation of Glasses-typed Wearable Device for Emotional Recognition
Detecting of emotion using wearable has got attention in the field of mental health such as observation of condition of bipolar patient. We designed a wearable device that uses physiological signals and facial expressions to overcome the disadvantages of existing wearable devices using only physiological signals. This wearable device is able to measure physiological signals such as electrodermal activity(EDA), plethysmography(PPG) in facial part, and also to measure facial expression with built-in camera. We combined the data from both channels in feature level fusion and decision level usion so that the device can obtain a consistent emotion estimate. We compared the classification accuracies of each{{br}}method to evaluate the performance of the device. In order to evaluate the performance, we proceeded to video-based emotion inducing experiment. As a result of the evaluation, the performance was improved when facial expression and physiological data were combined in feature-level fusion. We expect that this wearable system can be a good solution to estimate user’s emotion in daily life.
안와벽 재건을 위한 3차원 수술계획 시뮬레이션 및 분석 소프트웨어
3D Surgical Planning Simulation and Analysis Software for Orbital Wall Reconstruction
In this study, we propose a 3D surgical planning simulation and analysis software specialized for orbital wall reconstruction. The orbital wall reconstruction is performed by inserting implant at fractured site. In the orbital wall reconstruction surgery, the optimal aesthetic outcome is an important issue, so it is challenging for surgeons,{{br}}because of the limited operation view. Therefore, measuring defect size and determining implant size is required preoperatively. In order to reduce surgical time and improve accuracy, the proposed software provides a surgical planning environment for modeling the orbital wall of a patient, detecting and analyzing the fracture area in the orbital wall model. Prior to fracture detection, orbital wall segmentation is needed. To segment orbital wall region accurately, the adjacent ethmoid region is used. In the detection of fracture area, it visualizes the color map, by using symmetry of face and comparing normal and abnormal side of orbits. We can grasp degree of fracture and design patient-specific implant using information on the fracture area through the proposed software.
발 아치의 모양과 평지 보행간의 상관 관계 분석에 관한 연구
A Study on the Correlation between the Foot Arch Structure and Over-ground Walking
In this study, we analyzed the correlation between the shape of foot-arch in weight bearing(WB) and non-weight bearing(NWB) conditions and gait spatio-temporal parameters. To measure the structure of foot-arch, we measured the height and structural variation of MLA(Medial longitudinal Arch) and LLA(Lateral longitudinal Arch) both in WB and NWB conditions using a ‘Scanning stage’ consisting of a single depth camera and four uni-axial force sensors. The gait spatio-temporal parameters were obtained from ten healthy young subjects by commercialized inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor (Xsens MVN). The experimental conditions were consisted of three conditions; 1)walking on the ground at regular , 2)slow, and 3) fast pace, respectively. As a result, it has been shown that the height variation of MLA and LLA in WB and NWB were correlated with gait spatio-temporal parameters. It is noteworthy that this is the first study which analyzes the structural features of the foot and the corresponding gait spatio-temporal variables using the Scanning stage that can measure the characteristics of the foot.
HMD 및 아이트래킹 기술 적용을 통한 장애인 대화 보조 키보드 알고리즘 연구
Keyboard algorithm for communication of disabled people using HMD and Eyetracking system
The researches for the user interface of the disabled people are one of the important issues among the technology for disabled people. In this research, the eye tracking technology is used for the application of the user interface for disabled peoples who have communication issues such as general paralysis, mutism or deafness. To make disabled people to communicate easier, Head Mounted Display(HMD) is suggested to show the keyboard display in augmented reality(AR) environment so that the user can use the algorithm for the communication in the normal life. The movement and trace of the eye of the users are calculated by eye tracking camera, which is used to estimate which key is selected from the displayed keyboard. Then, the trace of the eye tracking data looking at displayed keyboard is analyzed. Finally, the most probable words from analyzed result is recommended to the user and used to help communication of them. In this research, the total process will be analyzed if they are actually useful to the targeted disabled people.
곡면 판재형태 CFRP 고정용 유연지그 및
Conceptual Design of Flexible Fixtures and End Effectors for Holding Thin‐walled curved CFRP Workpieces
Carbon fiber reinforced plastics(CFRPs) are advanced composite materials that have high strength, low density, high elastic modulus, and wear resistance. Recently, centered on aerospace and automotive industries, applications and demands of CFRP are increased. However delamination and deflection of CFRP workpieces can occur during machining{{br}}processes because of their anisotropic properties. In this research, a conceptual design of vacuum type flexible fixture is introduced to overcome these demerits as well as increasing the degree of freedom of the machining. Core units of the flexible fixture, actuator and end effector, are chosen according to fixture scenarios and requirements. The end effector{{br}}consists of a pneumatic‐based ball joint locking mechanism and a self‐return mechanism which are designed to adapt to various shapes of workpieces and to keep inactive end effectors at their center positions. A workpiece holding test and a friction analysis are performed on three different end effector designs. The measured maximum lateral forces show that all three designs can firmly hold workpieces under machining forces.
비전 애플리케이션을 활용한 휴먼-로봇 협업 시스템 개발
Toward Safe Human-Robot Collaboration by Using Vision Application
Like the recent Industry 4.0 project, the environment surrounding manufacturing has changed dramatically, and interest in building optimization systems such as Smart Factory is getting hot. Accordingly, there is an increasing demand for industrial robots such as mobile robots and interactive robots that perform collaboration between humans. This Human-Robot Collaboration has the risk of collision between human and mobile robot and safety issue.{{br}}In this study, we use computer vision technology to extract human motion capture data in order to make mobile robots operate securely and efficiently in human-centric environments. The extracted data is learned by using the deep learning algorithm and the robot makes its own decision based on the learned data. We propose a way to change mobile robot path in real time by predicting human destination. This paper proposes a collaboration system that allows humans and robots to collaborate safely and efficiently in factories or workshops.
도장용 시뮬레이션을 위한 도장 시뮬레이션 모듈 개발
Development of painting simulation module for painting robot simulation
Simulation and OLP processes of painting robots in the automobile industry are difficult to apply robot simulation because of the complicated and difficult method of generating robot 's working path in comparison with other processes. In this study, we propose a painting formation visualization method that can confirm the result of painting work performed by the painting robot to use in the robot simulation process applied to the painting process. Through this, it is possible to predict the painting result when creating the robot work program through the robot simulator and to quickly generate the painting robot work program in the repetitive painting test process.
7.62AP탄에 의한 관통 피해 정도를 계산하기 위한 수치해석적 접근법
Numerical Analysis Approach to Calculate the Damage Degree of the penetration by 7.62mm AP
In order to reduce the number of casualties by improving the survivability of the combat vehicle, the vulnerability analysis of the combat vehicle is needed. However, the actual test for the vulnerability analysis requir es large{{br}}experimental space and expensive equipment costs long time and large expense. It is needed to develop a new method that can replace the actual test. In the paper, we suggested a new approach to analyze the vulnerability{{br}}using the M&S method instead of the actual test. To analyze the vulnerability, the shot line analysis is performed to find out which part is penetrated by bullet. The component of the parts is simplified to “Single- Target”, “Double-{{br}}Target”, “Air gapped- Target” and can be performed the penetration analysis using the ANSYS Explicit Dynamics. The penetration depth and the residual velocity of the bullet are calculated by analyzing penetration of each part of the combat vehicle. The penetration data calculated the penetration analysis can be used to define the damage level of the combat vehicle. The purpose of this paper is to collect penetr ation data for carious targets and bullets. And “ 7.62mmAP” is used as a bullet and “ 7075- T6” and “RHA” is used as a target.
무인로봇 운용자의 임무과부화 측정에 관한 실험 방법 연구
Experimental sutdy on operatal's workload measurement of remote robot control
Today development of combat system, There is a growing interest in workload and performance of operators depending on the number of operator for controls multiple remote robot and the individual characteristics of the operator In this paper, we analyzed recent studies on operator workload measurements about multi remote robot control. base on this, how much influence do operator’s attention control ability and the number of operator for control multi remote control have on subjective workload(VACP, NASA-TLX), biological workload(Pupil size, blink rate, heart rate) and Fan-out that is how many robot control possible on one operator. we present a design method that can measure workload base on performance index using fan-out concept which is the maximum number of remote robot that can be one operator.
지형 Cell에 따른 고도 차이를 고려한 전투효과 분석
Analysis of combat effectiveness based on altitude difference among terrain cells
We develop an agent-based simulation model (ABM) to measure an combat effectiveness in a small unit battle in the NCW (network centric warfare) environment.{{br}}What we mean by ABM is operating scout unmanned ground vehicle based on distributive decision making with each one’s own behavior rule.{{br}}Additionally, we apply a method to check success ratio for communication between agents based on altitude difference among terrain cells (terrain cell may have various characteristic parameters){{br}}We proposed three steps to measure the combat effectiveness as follows. Firstly, develop ABM during whole procedure based on interaction analysis among all platforms such as tank, APC, UGV. Secondly, establish an appropriate MOE (measure of effectiveness).{{br}} Thirdly, produce the level of effectiveness for a given battle scenario.
취약면적과 DMEA를 활용한 지상전투차량의 유공압 현가장치 취약성 평가
The Vulnerability Assessment of Hydro-pneumatic Suspension of Ground Combat Vehicle Using Vulnerable Area Method and DMEA
Vulnerability assesses the loss of major performance functions of GCV when it is hit by enemy’s shell. To decide the loss of major functions, it is determined what effects are on the performance of GCV when some components of GCV are failed. M&S(Modeling and Simulation) technology is used to vulnerability assessment. The hydro-pneumatic suspension is used as a sample part. The procedures of vulnerability assessment of the hydro-pneumatic suspension are shown as follows: 1) The components of the suspension are defined and shot lines are generated evenly around the part. 2) The penetrated components are checked by using the penetration equation. 3) The function model of the suspension is{{br}}designed by using IDEF0. 4) When the failure of the critical components of the suspension happens, its effect on the function of the suspension can be estimated using DMEA (Damage Mode and Effects Analysis). 5) The diagram of FTA (Fault Tree Analysis) is designed by exploiting DMEA. 6) The damage probability of the suspension is calculated by using FTA and vulnerable area method. In this paper, SLAP (Shot Line Analysis Program) which was developed based on COVART methodology. SLAP calculates the damage probability and visualizes the vulnerable areas of the suspension.
타이어 모델 파라미터 변화에 따른 차량 모델 의 민감도 분석
Sensitivity Analysis of Vehicle Model varying with Tire Model Parameters
해양플랜트 예지보전 솔루션의 개요 및 기능
Introduction to CBM(Condition Based Maintenance) solution and its functions
해양플랜트 장비들의 효율적인 운영 및 유지보수(O&M, Operation and Management)는 오일 메이저 및 해양플랜트 운영회사가 최근 추구하고 있는 경영 전략 중의 하나이다. 경제적이고 효율적인 O&M 을 위해, 정기보전 등의 보수적인 방식보다는, 보다 적극적이고 공격적인 O&M 방식이 예지보전법(CBM, Condition based Maintenance)이다. 예지보전법의 중앙에는 지능적이고 유연하고 강건한 소프트웨어인 예지보전 솔루션이 위치해 있다. 본 논문에서는 해양플랜트 예지보전 솔루션에 대한 개요를 소개하며, 예지보전 솔루션이 가지고 있는 기능에 대해서 서술하고자 한다. 예지보전 솔루션은 진단, 예지, 보전 시스템이 각 단계 별 기능 업무를 수행하며, 이들 근간으로 예지보전 플랫폼을 통해 연결된다. 예지보전 솔루션은 상태의 진단, 열화를 통한{{br}}수명 예지, 최선의 보전 전략 추천의 기능을 통해, 오일 메이저 및 해양플랜트 운영회사의 효율적인 O&M 을 가능하게 한다.
해양시스템 탑재장비 보전활동 지원시스템 개발
Development of the Maintenance System for Equipment of Offshore Plants
In this paper, a failure cases based maintenance system is developed to obtain reliability of maintenance activities for offshore platform equipment. First, the development system identifies major equipment targeted for maintenance activities. Second, the development system gathers and analyzes information about the targeted equipment from OREDA, WOAD, and manufacturer. Third, the development system builds the database using the information. Finally, utilizing these data, the development system performs the failure analysis and cost evaluation for optimal maintenance plan.
회전기계의 센서 데이터 기반 모니터링 시스템 개발
Condition monitoring system based on sensor data for rotating machinery
This paper deals with a state monitoring system for detecting vibration faults in a rotating machine. A neural network was used to identify the types of faults occurring in the rotating machinery, and a method for predicting the vibration response of the rotating machine was proposed. In particular, probability density was used to accurately identify the type of failure. Finally, the condition monitoring system is applied to the rotating machine with several failures to identify the faults.
학습기반 고장예지 시스템에 대한 연구
A Study on Learning based Fault Prognosis System
The plant equipment usually has a long life cycle. During its O&M (Operation & Maintenance) phase, since the occurrence of an accident of a plant equipment causes catastrophic damage, it is important to take the suitable maintenance for the plant equipment. Nowadays due to the emerging ICTs (Information Communication Technologies) and sensor technologies, it is possible to gather the health status data of important equipment and their environment data, which leads to much concern on CBM (Condition-Based Maintenance). In this vein, the prognosis method for CBM has been highlighted. In this study, we will introduce several issues of learning-based fault prognosis system for offshore plant which has been developed in a Korean government funded research project.
대규모 단백질 3차원 구조의 기하학적 구조해석
The tertiary structure of protein determines functions. An expeditious analysis of geometric structure of protein is now{{br}}crucial more than ever, since the three dimensional shape of protein embodies essential information pertaining to the roles of protein. Upon the advent of Molecular Geometry Operating System (MGOS), structural analysis of protein has become{{br}}feasible. This study aims to calculate imperative properties of protein molecules, developing a program that statistically{{br}}analyzes the calculated properties utilizing APIs (Application-Program Interface) of MGOS. Employing the devised program{{br}}to analyze biotechnologically critical protein molecules, this study reports the analyzed results of great significance.
CT 볼륨 데이터와 재구서오딘 3차원 모델 데이터를 이용한 2D-3D 정합 기법들의 정확도 비교 및 평가
Comparison and evaluation of accuracy of 2D-3D registration methods using CT scanned volume data and reconstructed mesh data
In this study, we compared and evaluated the accuracy of 2D-3D registration results between using raw CT-scanned volume data and reconstructed polygon mesh data as 3D inputs. We also compared the results when using bi-planar X-ray images and single image.{{br}}In order to compare those methods, we firstly simulated virtual X-ray imaging using 3D input data. When simulating X-ray with volume data, the ray-casted voxel data is projected onto the detector plane with proper opacity transfer function. When simulating polygon data, shadow-mapped binary image data is generated. For bi-plane simulating, there were two virtual x-ray source to generate ray for projection. 2D-3D registration was conducted using this virtual X-ray image and corresponding randomly transformed 3D data. Simulated Annealing algorithm was used to find the optimal{{br}}transformation. By using same left-femur data of volume and mesh, the experiment was conducted thirty times for each.{{br}}For both manual and automatic registration, using bi-plane volume data showed the best robustness and the lowest RMSE value. In manual registration, using bi-plane method showed better results for both mesh and volume data. After running simulated annealing registration, volume data showed much more optimal results then mesh data.{{br}}This study showed that which method could be effectively chosen when conducting 2D-3D registration, and also showed possibility of using single-plane conventional X-ray imaging data to run this method.
퇴축된 하악골에서 4가지 임플란트 시스템의 생체역학적 안정성 평가
Biomechanical Analysis of Four Types of Short Dental Implant in a Resorbed Mandible
The purpose of this study is to investigate the biomechanical stability of four representative dental short-implant-systems used for severely resorbed mandible. {{br}}While all the implant systems have the same total height with the same upper dental crowns, those differ only in the geometry of abutment, implant and screws. After constructing the finite element models representing the implant systems implanted in the resorbed mandible, we perform a dynamic simulation consisting two steps: screw tightening and one cycle of mastication. In the first step, we directly simulate the screw tightening by enforcing the rotation of the screw to have the desired reaction torque while the effect of the screw tightening has often been overly simplified by the assumed initial stress fields. One cycle of dynamic masticatory loading is then applied to the model possessing the stress fields calculated in the first step. The stress and strain fields in each component are compared to evaluate the performance of the systems.
Point of Care 를 위한 초광각-고해상도 카메라 및 레이저포인터 가이드 모듈 개발
Tele-presence for joint treatment using wide angle camera, high resolution pan-tilt-zoom camera and laser pointer
Point of Care(POC) means the medical service that is served for medical treatment at remote places. In this study, We propose the Cameras-Laser Guide Module for POC using wide-angle(360˚) camera, high resolution camera added pan-tilt and zoom control function, and laser pointer. Through the wideangle camera, doctors can get a whole image around the patient place. Highdefinition image of ROI (Region of Interest), such as signal on monitor or surgical site, can be get from the high resolution zoom camera and controlled by serve motors and pan-tilt motion bracket designed by using CAD. In addition, the laser pointer is added for pointing something at the patient place. For precise pose of the high resolution camera, we performed calibration and calculated a kinematics between two cameras.
대형주물 목형대체용 FDM기반 하이브리드 3D프린팅 시스템 개발
Development od hybrid 3D printing system based on FDM for 3x4x1.2(m3) large scaled patern of casting process
4D 프린팅을 위한 폴리곤 표면의 평면화
Flattening of polygonal (auxetic) surfaces for four-dimensional printing
Recent uses of smart materials for 3D printing introduced the production of objects that change their morphology through controlled stimulation. This technology is called 4D printing. To make this technology any useful, there should be a design tool that can calculate the initial 3D printed shape with proper material compositions that will transform into the final shape after being exposed to the stimulation. In this study, we present a mathematical foundation based on polygonal model planarization. The proposed method is quite similar to the parameterization problem in computer graphics but it is more difficult because of the added constraint that all basic elements that constitute the 3D printed initial shape need to expand to reach the final shape. The expansion rate can vary among the elements and this is physically realizable by controlling the mixing ratio of two materials of different expansion ratios.
3D 프린팅한 복합재질로 이루어진 보에 축방향 힘을 가했을 때 발생하는 응력 분포에 대한 분석
An analysis on the stress distribution of 3D printed composite beams upon an axial loading
4D printing technology is an issue of growing importance in many fields of study like soft-robotics as a new power system because 3D printed object can change their shape by being stimulated from temperature, humidity or electricity etc. A dynamic structure can be made with a flexible plate and a complex plate which is composed of matix and fiber. The polymers which are used in matrix and fiber have different glass transition temperature. So the dynamic structure can bend through the temperature. Using these dynamic structure, polyarticular complex beam structure can be made by liking it up with static structure in series. But, in this case, the link between static and dynamic structure can be fractured when the tensile strain is applied. Because the materials in link section in not continuous. In this research, we suggest the polyarticular{{br}}structure model and find the way to decrease fracture in the process of tensile strain through analyzing the structure with using FEM(Finite Elements Method).
이중 판 구조를 이용한 4D 프린팅 기본 컴포넌트에 대한 연구
A 4D printied kinematic component based on a double layer composed of varying volume expansion factor
3D printing differs from conventional manufacturing methods in a way that requires no cutting and assembly of parts. These differences allow simpler processes that require no tooling. Traditional 3D printing used materials that are stable after the printing process. With the advent of smart materials that change their forms and functions in a programmable manner, a new 3D printing has been introduced that we call 4D printing. In this study, we discuss a newly designed horseshoe shaped 4D printed component composed of a double layer structure in which two materials with different expansion coefficients expand differently after absorbing the solution thereby exhibiting bending. Also the maximum angle at which the bending occurs in the double layer structure is calculated using the measured strain rate and compared with the measured angle.
컬러 3D 프린팅을 위한 OBJ 형식으로 표현된 3D 모델 파일의 시각화
Visualization of a OBJ 3D model file for color 3D printing
The de facto data format of 3D model in 3D printing is an STL file. This format is sufficient for monochrome 3D printing which is sufficient to cover most commercially available 3D printers. However, we are seeing increasing number of color 3D printing devices in the market today and the cost is being reduced rapidly. To support colors in the 3D model, the most popular method is to use OBJ format file with MTL file. OBJ file contains 3D model’s geometrical information, and MTL file contains color and surface information. With these files, a 3D printer can print 3D model and its color information without ambiguity. In this paper, we present our experiences in developing a translator that can parse STL file and convert it to OBJ format, and a reader that is able to directly parse an OBJ file. To verify the correctness of our STL to OBJ translator and the OBJ reader, we compared the number of meshes and the color imported from an OBJ file either directly or having been translated from an STL file to the result shown on a commercially available OBJ file renderer.
설계변수의 불확실성을 고려한 전투차량의 통합성능 신뢰도 분석
Analysis of Reliability Considering Uncertainty of Design Variables for Integrated Performance of Combat Vehicle
A design of ground combat vehicle which is operated in the various conditions is required to satisfy the integrated {{br}}performance of firepower and mobility. This performance is influenced by the design variables which have the uncertainties as manufacturing tolerance, assembling error and derivation of material property. Hence, a considering uncertainty of the design variables is an important thing to predict the performance in real world closely. In this research, propose the process to analyze the reliability for the integrated performance of the combat vehicle by 3 steps as uncertainty definition, uncertainty propagation and certification. By the virtual model of the combat vehicle, proceed the reliability of the performance and show the necessity of the analysis of reliability comparing the deterministic and probabilistic results.
전투차량의 기동과 화력을 고려한 포신의 고각과 방위각 오차해석
Analysis on Azimuth and Elevation Errors of Gun Barrel in Combat Vehicle Considering Mobility and Firepower
As the ground combat vehicle which includes a firepower system performs maneuvers and drives on the uneven terrain, hit probability is influenced by various surrounding environments. A variation on the impact point of target is induced due to the factors such as recoil force after firing, vibration on the vehicle, and vertical displacement on the uneven terrain. To enhance the hit probability, researches considering these factors have been performed. In this research, elevation and azimuth errors of the gun barrel are analyzed for different scenarios considering the mobility and firepower of combat vehicle. Direction of the gun barrel is determined by elevation and azimuth. These are influenced by the unstable position of the vehicle and affect the hit probability. Therefore, errors of gun barrel are analyzed for different scenarios considering various road profiles, velocities of the vehicle, and firing type.
인체 화상 시뮬레이션과 생존성 추정을 통한 화상 진단 및 예측 시스템
System of burns diagnosis and prediction through simulation and estimation of survivability
In this paper, if the human body is under radiant heat or conductive heat, we can predict the degree of burning{{br}}according to the posture and exposure time, and build a system that can diagnose it. First, we constructed a model that can visualize the posture and injury analysis results in real time by mapping the color values corresponding to each pixel of the texture image to the surface of the 3D model. And by performing thermal analysis according to outdoor activity time, image injury prediction modeling which can simultaneously perform image diagnosis and prediction is performed. In this modeling, we propose a system which can calculate the image area and BSAB according to the exposure time and estimate the survival rate of the operator or trainee. Therefore, in this paper, we aimed to synchronize diagnosis and prediction of human injury in a virtual environment similar to the actual work and training environment, and to establish a system that can quantitatively calculate the degree of burnout of the entire body of human body over time exposed to heat. In addition, statistical study data will be used to estimate the survival rate of injured workers and trainees. This provides safer exposure time for heat workers, heatstroke, burns, etc. to outdoor workers and military trainers working in the sunshine.
화력성능분석을 위한 체계 명중률 예측에 관한 연구
A Study on the System Hit Probability for Fire Power Performance Analysis
For an antiaircraft artillery, there are many error constituents related to system hit probability such as fixed bias errors, variable bias errors and random errors. The fixed bias errors include parallax error, drift error and mean gun jump. The variable bias error includes muzzle velocity error, range wind error, crosswind error and cant error. Random errors include aiming errors and the platform dynamic errors. We consider system hit probability associated with the errors. We examine the characteristics of many errors mentioned above. We consider system hit probability for cookie-kutter target and Carlton target. We also consider system hit probability for rectangular and circular target. For indirect shooting, we consider two cases. The first case is that the target is a single target and the second is that the target is a unitary target. If the target is a single target, we consider probability of damage. If the target is an area target, fractional coverage exists between target and a lethal area of the weapon. These approaches will be good tools for evaluations of the system hit probability for antiaircraft artilleries and indirect shooting.
제품 분해 구조(PBS) 관점의 복합 무기체계 설계 및 구현을 위한 프레임워크 적용
Applying a Framework to Design and Implement Complex Defense System in PBS Perspective
Compared to the past, modern society is developing a Large, complex system. So modern systems have increased in complexity.{{br}}The field of weapon systems has become more complicated as the amount of information for interfacing systems has increased.{{br}}It is very important to look at these complex systems hierarchically.{{br}}In this paper, we proposed measures to implement the system with a hierarchical structure and demonstrated its effect through solutions.
ANSYS를 이용한 5.45mm와 7.62mm AP 탄의 관통 특성 해석
Penetration Charateristic Analysis of 5.45mm and 7.62mm AP Bullet Using ANSYS
The penetration characteristics such as the residual velocity after penetration and the ballistic limit velocity are normally obtained through the experiment. But nowadays, the numerical analysis software like ANSYS and AutoDyn can make the penetration characteristics without experiment. In this paper, it is shown that the numerical analysis can be the alternative of experiment by comparison between experiment data and numerical analysis results of the 7.62mm bullet and RHA plate. And the 5.45mm bullet which has not studied about the penetration characteristics yet is analyzed by using ANSYS.
포트 타입을 고려한 플랜트 기자재 카탈로그 데이터 구조의 정의
Definition of catalog data structure considering port types for plant equipment and materials
플랜트 건설 프로젝트에서는 플랜트 3D CAD 시스템을 사용하여 기본 및 상세 설계를 하고 있다. 플랜트 3D CAD 시스템을 활용한 설계 업무를 지원하기 위해서는 자주 사용하는 배관, 부속품, 및 기기 등의 기자재에 대해 기자재 카탈로그 라이브러리의 구축이 필요하다. 플랜트 3D CAD 시스템의 기자재 카탈로그에 포함된 정보로는 3D 형상, 사양, 및 포트 정보가 있어 이를 표현할 수 있는 데이터 구조의 정의가 필요하다. 기자재의 포트는 기자재 상에서 기체 또는 유체가 유입 또는 유출되는 곳을 의미하며 설계 과정에서 반드시 필요한 정보이다. 이 논문에서는 포트 타입을 고려하여 플랜트 기자재 카탈로그의 데이터 구조를 정의한 결과를 제시한다.
모듈플랜트의 육상운송경로평가를 위한 플랜트 운송 분석 정보 시스템 개발.
Development of Plant Transportation Analysis Information System for Evaluating Land Transport Path of Module Plant.
In recent years, the module plant is active in order to enhance the competitiveness of the plant construction market demanding for plant construction in remote areas. It is essential to analyze the stability of transporting modules or large-scale equipment through precise transportation routes when these polar and remote projects are carried out inland. In order to make the plant transportation analysis more accurate, it should be possible to carry out the analysis through the systematic system. The P-TAIS (Plant-Transportation Analysis Information System) developed for this purpose extracts the altitude and latitude / longitude information of the land transportation path using the Google Map API, calculates the slop and turning angle of the path, and evaluates the path stability. It provides the user with path safety, and it can obtain analysis results of various combinations by storing information of module plant, transportation vehicle, and various paths for analysis. It also extracts dangerous parts of the transportation route and provides information to the user, so that dangerous sections that may occur during project execution can be recognized in advance. There are many functions required for module plant transportation, but in this study, we have developed a system composed of four modules, module information, transportation information, route information and analysis module necessary for starting.
플랜트 지식 설계 시스템 플랫폼 인터페이스 설계 방안
Naval Architecture & Ocean Engineering
조선 및 플랜트와 같은 메가 엔지니어링 산업에서는 일반 기계 CAD와는 다르게 S3D나 E3D와 같은 전용 CAD를 사용하며, 기자재 등을 표준 카탈로그로 제작하여 CAD에서 바로 불러서 모델링하고 BOM (Bill of Material) 관리 및 PLM(Product Lifecycle Management)을 위한 데이터 원본 역할을 수 행하고 있다. 그렇기 때문에 상당히 많은 데이터가 CAD내에 존재하고 있으며, 때에 따라서는 중복된 데이터의 존재 및 표준화 되지 않은 데이터의 형태 등으로 관리에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 그렇기 때문에 지식{{br}}기반 시스템을 구축하기 위해서 온톨로지(Ontology) 개념으로 지식을 표현하고자 접근하는 연구가 일부 진행된 바가 있으나 현재까지의 지식표현에 대한 연구는 상용 플랜트 CAD를 대상으로 진행된 사례가 없으며, 일부 기자재 표현 등을 위한 연구에서만 ISO 15926을 기반으로 해서, 상용 플랜트 CAD를 대상으로 그 결과를 제시하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 플랜트 설계에서의 지식 지원을 위한 지식 표현 방법을 제시하고 설계 시스템과의 인터페이스 방안에 대한 연구 결과를 제시하고자 한다.
저가형 스캐너를 이용한 보일러룸의 스캔
Scanning a boiler room using a low price scanner
As the reverse engineering helps to shorten the design-to-manufacture time. Point cloud from scanning saves time to get digital models from real objects. This paper introduced an implementation and test which consrtucts scanned point cloud data. An ordinary depth camera, Kinect2 is used to scan a boiler room to get point cloud which contains reaonable resolution. Then marhematical calculations and transformations are conducted based on SLAM(Simultaneous localization and mapping) method to get a point cloud with reasonable resolution.
클러스터링과 워드 투 벡터를 이용한 도메인 온톨로지 자동 구축 방법론
Automated Domain Ontology Construction by Clustering and Word to Vector
It becomes more and more important for engineering field to knowledge reuse and sharing. Ontology is effective tool for knowledge management but to build ontology requires a lot of time and money. In this paper, we propose automated ontology building methodology to solve problem. Methodology employ seed ontology concept. Seed ontology is an ontology consisting of core and easily extendable term in the domain. {{br}}The methodology use LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) to extract keyword term and make seed ontology by expert. Seed ontology include keyword term, category of term and relation of category. Other terms are not seed ontology is inferred to hypernym/hyponym or non-hierarchical relation with seed ontology terms. In order to inference term relation, this methodology refer WordNet. WordNet provide relation of terms in typical application, and we use it to inference specific domain terms relation by compute semantic distance between words. After inference relation, term is become seed ontology and all terms through this process then seed ontology is become a domain ontology.
특정점 매칭을 통한 Dual Angio X-ray 2Ds/3D CTA 영상 비강체 정합에 관한 연구
Preliminary research results on vein visualization using near‐infrared light
Venipuncture is a process to obtain venous blood for diagnosis or to obtain intravenous access.{{br}}This procedure is commonly performed in medical environment. However vein of obese, anemic, or colored patients and of infants, is hard to find even for the skilled practitioners. To solve this problem, there are several devices that aiding the venipuncture by visualizing the vein. However, such devices have drawbacks. One is that they have a problem when visualizing deep vein at the thick body part like cubital fossa, and the other one is that they are very big, or hard to use alone during the venipuncture process. In this paper, we propose a new portable vein visualizing device using near‐infrared light with stereo camera system. And we present results of a preliminary research for the device. We propose methods for designing a light module and for image processing. We attach the light module to the same side that camera get an image, and introduce a specific penetration angle to get a penetration effect. In addition, the image processing, we enhance the vein structure at the image. The prototype using the methods, could allow us to visualize vein pattern of thicker body parts like arm.
단일 X 선 영상 기반 경막외 카테터의 3 차원 위치 추적
Three-dimension location tracking of the Epidural Catheter based on A Single Fluoroscopy
Lumbar disc disease is one of the common diseases at the present day. Minimally invasive surgery using endoscopy is a one kind of surgeries for lumbar disc herniation treatment. The minimally invasive surgery need to a guide of needle inserted into the target disc. However, an epiduroscopy can be damaging to the surrounding tissues (major blood vessel, nerve fascicles, etc.) because that the epidural catheter is inserted in the lower back and guided up towards the affected nerve roots, based on preoperative medical images and anatomical knowledge. We proposed a method to estimate the 3D position information of an epidural catheter with a curved section. In this study, we described the 3D pose estimating algorithm for an epidural catheter, and evaluated the system performance accuracy.
신발의 형상에 따른 거동 특성 분석
Analysis of Gait Characteristic by Shoe Geometry
From a biomechanical point of view, walking on high heels has been studied in many aspects. In most studies, it is identified the adverse effects of high heels and recommended to reduce wearing of high heels. However, in modern apparel and industry, high heels are an indispensable factor, and efforts to materialize and minimize the adverse effects on the human body are needed . The purpose of this study is to analyze the adverse effects on the human body, except the height of the heels. To do this, we compared the heights of the heels and the heights of the heels and analyzed the features.
기하학적 구속을 이용한 이중 판 보의 회전량 조절.
Rotational control on a double layer beam using geometric constraints.
When two different beams that have the different expansion rates are bonded at their slender surfaces and expanded, the discontinuous expansion rate at the interface generate internal shearing stress that bends the double layer beam forming an arc of a certain curvature. This double layer beam can be utilized as a rotational joint when it adjoins two limbs at the both ends. The rotation is not immediate but rather faster at the beginning but gradually slows down and asymptotically reaches an angle at the steady state. For kinematic rotational applications, only the beginning rapid rotation is useful but the problem is that it will continue to rotate in the absence of proper breaking mechanisms. In this paper, we introduce a stopping mechanism so that the rotation quickly happens to the designed angle and accurately stops.
원통형 구조물의 4D 프린팅 설계
Design of 4D printed cylindrical structure
4D printing is a subset of 3D printing where a smart material is utilized to enable the transformation of a printed structure to a final programmed structure in a determined way. Typically, materials that exhibit expansions through heat and moisture are used. The deformation can be accelerated by combining these smart materials with non-expanding materials thereby creating internal stresses at the material discontinuity. {{br}}There has been some works in leveraging these mechanics for transforming a 2D sheet to a 3D cylinder.{{br}}However, the deformed states were not stable and removal of the expanding condition reversed the transformation. In this study we propose a new latching mechanism that can fixate the once-deformed shape so that the removal of the expanding condition does not reversely transform the structure to its initial shape.
적층 우선순위를 고려한 FDM 3D printing tool path 최적화
Optimization of FDM 3D printing tool path considering accumulating priority
The FDM 3D printer fabricates the model based on the movement of nozzle that extrudes the material for 3D printing. Since the printing time depends on the nozzle’s movement, the optimization for nozzle’s tool path would lead to the minimization of printing time. Moreover, when the nozzle travels frequently across the region where filament should not be extruded, oozing that leaks the melted filament can appear. Therefore, in this research, optimization for tool path of FDM 3D printing is pursued for both printing time and printing quality. {{br}}By splitting the given model into several parts and determining their accumulating priority, model is fabricated as the combination of parts with the order of its accumulating priority. Compared to existing tool path, optimized tool path showed reduced printing time, and at the same time, oozing barely appeared without the help of special function such as retraction. The effect of the tool path optimization showed a tendency that it is maximized when the parts from the model are far apart.
3 차원 금속 프린팅에서의 e-manufacturing 과 공정 검증 알고리듬
E -manufacturing and process verification algorithm in metal 3-D printing process
Metal 3-D printing has enabled to build full density metallic tools and parts using metal powders precisely delivered and controlled for deposition without powder bed. Using 5-axis machine it is capable of building overhang/undercut parts without support structures, which, however, requires an advanced process management that controls 5-axis tool paths for layer-by -layer builds. The preprocessor has to contain the function of generating tool path on 5-axis 3D metal printing process. This study proposes methodical approach for verifying tool paths of build part by animating visual simulation on 5-axis 3D metal printing process. This helps pre-diagnosis the problem regarding process.
위상최적화 기법을 이용한 전기 자전거의 3D 프린팅 구조 설계
Design for additive manufacturing of electric bicycle using topology optimization
In this study, the optimal design using topology optimization for additive manufacturing is conducted to develop a light-weight electric bike. In the perspective of “Design for Additive Manufacturing”, it is expected to fully utilize the advantages of additive manufacturing (3D printing) in terms of its unlimited design freedom for a part fabrication. For designing the frame of the electric bike, the topology optimization with finite element analysis conducted to solve the compliance minimization problem for optimal material distributions in the structural design space. The selective laser sintering process, a popular additive manufacturing technology, is used to implement the real part. The final outcome of the study shows that applying DFAM in the electric bike design can benefit to save the product development cycle (within a week) and total weight of the product up to 17% of total).
디지털 프린팅 헤드를 사용하는 3 차원 프린터의 공정 시간 및 재료 사용량 추정 방법
Printing Time / Material Usage Estimation of 3-D Printer Using Digital Printing Head
This paper describes a method of precise estimation for printing time and material consumption which are directly related to the 3D printing cost. Printing process and head motion of 3D printers using digital printing head, which is analyzed by its digitized steps, is rapidly simulated without slicing to calculate estimated printing results. Applying compensation using the printing parameters, transferred from the 3D printer to the printing estimation system, even more accurate estimation is achieved. This method is used in the 3D Sprint software
스캔데이터를 이용한 대형 플랜트 건설 검사
Inspection of Big Plant Construction Using Scan Data
Discordance between as-built plant and the blue print delays the constructing time and raises the cost of The construction of big plants. It is needed to check if facilities are installed correctly or not in comparison with design plant. This research proposed a method of conformation inspection for as-built plant based on 3D scanned data in order to build the plant swiftly and correctly. First, removing the noise of the scan data, extracting the region of interest, and aligning the 3D CAD model and the 3D scan data are performed for easier processing later. Cropping & classifying scan data into Pipes, Elbows and Equipment using design parameter information from 3D CAD model is also performed. Using RANSAC algorithm, cylinder parameters of pipes’ scan data are founded, and they are then used for comparing with 3D CAD model parameters. The scan data classified as Elbow is used to find the Elbow parameters using the parameter information of the pipe connected to both ends of the Elbow. By performing the parameter comparison between the 3D CAD model and the scan data, it is possible to check whether or not the plant is installed correctly and know how different it is in case of discrepancy between design and construction.
Multilevel B-Splines을 이용한 실린더형태의 비조직화된 점군 매개변수화
Parameterizing Cylindrical Unorganized Point clouds Using Multilevel B-Splines
In this paper, we propose an approach that is able to parameterize cylindrical unorganized point clouds. Our method consists of five steps: Segmentation, multilevel b-spline surface fitting, removing outliers, global surface interpolation and refinement. After final step, parameter values are obtained by projecting points to a surface orthogonally. This approach can generate a surface close to a point and it overcomes limitations of typical approach of parameterization using base surface.
크기가 다른 3차원 구의 Voronoi Diagram 계산을 위한 위상기반 알고리듬
구 및 평판 타겟을 이용한 자동 점군 정합기술 개발.
Automatic registration of multiple point clouds with both sphere and planar targets
The use of laser scanners in ships and offshore plants has been increased due to the demand of ship owners to validate their design consistency with CAD model. It is necessary to scan at various points because of the property of laser scanners, that cannot be seen through. Therefore, registration of each scanned points in the coordinate system of CAD model is necessary. {{br}}In the industrial field, the sphere and planar target are used as references. In this study, the center locations of each target are detected first and then used for the initial alignment. Curvature filters are used to detect sphere targets, and image matching techniques are used to planar targets. Targets detected by each point cloud are being matched using congruent triangles, and initial alignment is performed through rigid transformation. Based on the initial a results, we perform fine registration using ICP algorithm. It has been verified that the registration is accurate when applied to as built offshore plant
경량 모델을 활용한 선박건조 치수품질 관리
Dimensional Quality Management for a Shipbuilding using a Lightweight Model
It is important to analyze dimensional errors occurring during shipbuilding process. A ship is constructed by assembling blocks and installing outfits in assembled ship structure. A lightweight model is widely used for visualizing and sharing a large data in the PLM. This model is mainly composed of triangular elements to minimize file size. There is no problem at all to visually confirm the shape based on these triangular elements but there is a limit to numerically calculate the exact position on the curve or surface. In this paper, a boundary curve generation method using triangular elements is proposed to use in dimensional error analysis for a block construction.
프로세스 마이닝 기법을 응용한 프로세스 모델 군집화 알고리즘 개발
Development of The Application for Clustering Algorithm on Processes Using Process Mining Technique
The production method of the general manufacturing industry is small item mass production or multi-item mass production, while the production method of the shipbuilding industry is a multi-item small sized production and has a form which is engineering to order. Consequently, the shipbuilding industry is characteristics of has diversified production methods depending on the structure and usage of the blocks produced. Due to these characteristics, the production process of the shipbuilding industry is mainly composed of unstructured processes and the process model that is constructed to simulate them is bound to become complex. Therefore, it is important to structure and manage unstructured processes in order to construct an efficient simulation model.{{br}}In this study, we propose a method for structure and managing unstructured processes by applying process mining techniques, and implement process models by applying them to the block logistics process and apply them to the simulation
프로세스 마이닝 기반 협업 패턴 인식 및 플랜트 태스크 프로세스 개선 접근법
Process Mining-based Collaborative Patterns and Plant Task Process Improvement
Generally, collaboration work is done on ad-hoc and it is difficult to define process. Therefore, it is the main issue that management of time and cost formally. We can use process mining to know exactly what users are collaborating in what order and in what kind of pattern. It will help improve the hole process. In this research, using Heuristic miner technique of process mining method, we derive process model and abstract process by clustering method and define collaboration patterns such as overlap, iteration, feedback, cycle, communication which we can find in process model. It provides a way to formalize the whole process. We also propose a time and cost improvement logic for each pattern and provide a way to improve the whole process. Finally, we cluster the activities to simplify the process.
플랜트 협업 지원을 위한 기자재 라이브러리 관리시스템 테스트
Plant Equipment Library Management System Test for Supporting Collaboration in Plant Engineering
An equipment library management system is a software system which receives the specifications and design information of equipment from equipment manufacturers, manages them, and provides them to EPC companies. In this paper, SW test methodology has been explained for the equipment library management system development. It consists of the SW test procedures and the final test report making methodology.
모듈화 플랜트의 운송성 고려 설계 지원을 위한 시스템 모듈 개발 연구
Study on Development of System Module to Support Design Consideration of Modularized Plant Transportation
The construction sites of various plants are shifting to extreme places, which leads to an increase of construction period and cost when the plant is built with traditional design and construction method. {{br}}Therefore, the modular plant construction and design method is being applied to the plant design in order to shorten construction period and cost. Developed countries already have modular plant technologies through many studies and practically applied to project. In order to avoid lagging behind in this trend, it is necessary for us to have integrated design and construction technology considering PLM of plants. There are many considerations when designing a modular plant, one of which is transportability. Designing for transportability requires comprehensive many information and expert knowledge. We are developing a system to support design for transportability by verifying and managing data and analyzing the results. This system is based on SACS, offshore structural analysis and design software. It will improve the accuracy of the plant module design and reduce the time.
윤곽선 재생성 기반의 3D 형상 편집
Contour regeneration based 3d shape editing
The 3D modeling technology will become very important by the growth of VR industry. Therefore, more efficiently 3D modeling method will be needed. Until now, the most common method for editing of 3D model is that control the points of 3D model. However, there is a disadvantage that a skilled worker is required to create a desired shape and the working time is too long. In this paper, propose the method for editing a 3D model with regenerating the contour of 3D shape, using a sketch by user input stroke. The first step of contour regeneration based 3d shape editing method is extracting the contours of 3D shape. Next step is that deform the contour by user input stroke. And then, regeneration and deformation of 3D shape is last step. Sketch is the traditional and intuitive method to express a shape. We expect to be able to perform the efficient 3D modeling using sketch.
조선 생산계획과 생산계획 시뮬레이션의 통합을 위한 통합 생산계획 정보 모델 정의
Define integrated production planning information model for integration of shipbuilding production planning and simulation
In the shipbuilding industry which is an ETO (Engineering to order) manufacturing system, it is difficult to make accurate production plan because ship design and production process information is different each shipbuilding production. Therefore, in order to improve the accuracy of the shipbuilding production plan, various studies have been carried out to verify the production plan by applying the simulation. However, since there is no integrated information model between shipbuilding production planning system and simulation model, it has been pointed out that it takes much time and effort to apply simulation. Therefore, the paper defines the shipyard integrated production planning information model that can be applied to both production planning and simulation. For this purpose, the paper analyzes shipyard production planning system and simulation information model, defines and categorizes the shipyard integrated production planning information model into six factors (product, process, facility, human, space, plan-schedule). Also, using the information model to categorize the production plan information for each planning process of the shipyard production planning system.
제품설계 지원을 위한 온톨로지 기반 지식베이스 구축
Establish ontology based knowledge database for product design support
In order to survive in the rapid market response and intense market competition in recent years, companies are studying design methods that can meet customer requirements more quickly and meet functional requirements. Companies have vast amounts of design, simulation, customer information, and fault data. {{br}}Companies are devoting themselves to the development of various digital design support systems in order to contribute to present and future customer correspondence and product design by appropriately utilizing such data. In this study, we extract the knowledge based on the data obtained from the product design and verification process, then store it in the integrated knowledge base after knowledge extraction, and discuss the construction of the knowledge base for future product design reuse.
화력발전소 과열기에 대한 인공신경망 기반 재료 및 형상 통합 설계
Artifical neural network based Material and Geometry Integtated design for superheater of thermal power plant
In this study, integrated materials and product design method is applied to efficiently improve the performance of thermal power plant components often limited due to the extreme operating conditions such as high temperature, high pressure, and long operating time. The focus of this study is on the design of superheater in advanced ultra supercritical (A−USC) thermal power plant system. In the design problem, the objective is to simultaneously enhance the creep properties and the amount of heat transferred energy of a superheater.. These performances are predicted by neural network based material models trained by using chemical compositions and heat treatment data. Also, the geometric model was created with the thickness and outer diameter of the superheater as design variables. In order to minimize the creep deformation and to maximize the heat transfer rate, three target scenarios by varying the weights to the deformation and the heat transfer rate are formulated in the multiobjective design problem. Finally, we compare the material properties of the commercial materials used in the advanced ultra supercritical(A−USC) power plant with the results of the integrated design. The results showed that the high temperature resistance of the optimum material was improved compared with commercial materials. This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF− 2014R1A1A2059731).
뇌파를 활용한 파라메트릭 건축 디자인 방법론
Recently changes throughout the industry as the paradigm of ICT (Information and Communications Technology) based technology between the fusion process has created new forms of research areas. {{br}}Management of architectural space is required for efficient space and facilities management building users, for the national university, and looking for ways for effective space management is based on a variety of situations on campus property. This study was limited scope for research into the use of log data accessible information about space and architecture of the items on the campus space management, among computer vision. Technique was used to take advantage of the OPENCV libraries developed by Microsoft, which was used in the processing and analysis of the image. The purpose of this study is to derive an effective space management process in the course applied between the detection of the logged data and computer vision techniques in space management courses on campus.
원격 유지보수 및 제어를 위한 webized 혼합현실 협업 시스템
Webized Collaborative Mixed Reality System for Remote Maintenance and Control
When a worker is aware of a breakdown in workspace, it is difficult to deliver and share the breakdown situations accurately to an expert in remote by voice and video call. Thus the legacy asymmetric collaboration is mostly used to make decision for the necessity of on-site maintenance by an expert. To solve this problem, we propose a webized{{br}}collaborative mixed reality system for remote maintenance and control on the 3D web environment. The system visualizes situated working space to an expert through 360° panoramic video. The expert uses mixed augmented and virtual reality devices and helps a worker as though the expert were there. The system uses WebRTC to transfer the 360° panoramic video from the on-site to remote site. The expert annotates commends on the video using HTML elements and 3D models and the workers also annotates feedbacks and results in the same way. We present typical cases of remote maintenance and control using a prototype implementation system to verify the usefulness of our approach.
VR 환경에서 몰입감 향상을 위한 모달리티 제시
The modality for improving immersion in VR environment
Recently, various VR devices have been supplied to the market and users are increasing.{{br}}However, there are few studies of modality for users of VR devices. In this study, we conducted an experiment to suggest a modality which could improve the immersion in the VR environment. Ten right-handed men and women were participated. The VR environment in experiment consisted of buttons and scrolls of Leap motion platform.{{br}}According to the distance, there were different modality by the dominant hand. The participants conducted the task which was to push buttons or to scroll and the execution time of the task was measured. The execution time of the task showed the statistically significant difference between the modalities of the near distance and the far distance. We found that the immersion in the VR environment depended on the distance regardless of the modality. In the further work, we will analyze whether the short time of execution task is able to be a highly immersive modality or not.
사물인터넷을 이용한 증강현실 기반 실내 안전 관리 시스템
Indoor Safety Monitoring System using IoT Devices based on Augmented Reality
As disaster patterns have become diversified and subdivided in modern urban environment, indoor safety monitoring and assistance for rescue personnel in emergency is necessary. Legacy methods in modern buildings do not provide individuals to intuitively identify real-time safety information or obtain personal evacuation routes. In this study, we propose a personalized indoor safety monitoring system using internet of things (IoT) and augmented reality (AR) technology. IoT sensors allow the system to check risk factors such as indoor air quality. AR provides advantage to identify disaster situations with user’s context. With the proposed system, users avoid disaster by checking risk factors and obtain helpful information such as personal evacuation routes, disaster area, and location of emergency box as a first-person view in AR environment when disaster situation occurs.
HMD WebVR 기반 인터랙티브 인테리어 디자인 시스템
Interactive Interior Design System using HMD WebVR
Interior design system using virtual reality (VR) has advantage in terms of cost reduction and supporting multiple users without spatial and temporal constraints. Recently, various head-mounted display (HMD) for VR devices using smartphones such as cardboard VR, gearVR, and google Daydream became popular. WebVR supports VR on the web, but it is still the early stage to use it to develop VR application. Interaction methods for WebVR are limited compared with traditional VR development environment. In this study, we proposed an interactive interior design system using HMD WebVR. The proposed system renders 3D stereoscopic images of an interior design model through HMD WebVR. A user can use interaction devices to declare a virtual interior design space and place 3D furniture models in the space. In addition, the user can walk around the space using interaction devices. We present an example of interior design using a prototype{{br}}implementation to verify the usefulness of our approach.
광 정보 기반 카메라 응답 곡선 추정 연구
Study for camera response curve design based on illuminance
We study the relationship between the illuminance and pixel value. For this study, we set up a practical testbed and performed simple tests in a dark room equipped with a conventional projector, camera and illuminance meter. We generated an image on a screen and measure the illuminance at several points on the screen. We also took the projected image with the camera. By means of the measured the illuminance and the pixel values of the image, we estimate the relationship between the pixel value and illuminance. Test results notice that the properly exposed image enables give us the relationship between them. This result will provide us with key ideas for various applications using camera as luminance meter.
물체의 반사특성 추정을 통한 재질 분류 기법
Material classification using Reflectance Property Estimation
Material classification is the useful property in computer graphics. Recently, researchers aim to exploit spatial coherence of surface reflectance to reduce dimensionality of the spatially-varying bidirectional reflectance distribution function(svBRDF). Most work segment single image into distinct regions by exploiting color similarity. However, color based approaches are highly affected on the intensity change caused from different camera setup and illumination conditions. Furthermore, high specular materials such as plastic bags, and metal paints exhibit color variations, especially, the peak region. This artifact may cause mis-segmentation results. In this paper, we propose a new material classification method by estimating{{br}}reflectance property from several images lit by a different light sources. We show that the estimated reflectance property can be used for classifying several materials. The proposed method can distinguish materials which have the similar diffuse color but the different reflectance property.
극사실적 프로젝션 맵핑을 위한 투사면 샘플링 기법
A Surface-Sampling Strategy for High Quality Projection Mapping
During recent years a lot of research has focused on systems that perform projection mapping on three dimensional objects however the problem of reproducing the acquired appearance of a real object realistically without photometric errors remains a challenge. Our framework enables us to use high quality data measured from original objects and then regenerating the acquired appearance by projecting images onto a mockup of the same object using multiple projectors. We use photometrically and geometrically calibrated projector-camera pairs. The measured appearance of original object requires blending of the superimposed projections as well as compensation for the non-standard three dimensional projection surfaces. Our framework relies on light transport. We adaptively sample the projection surface by projecting a dot pattern from each projector simultaneously onto the mockup such that each dot provides a sample that is within a thresholded distance from neighboring samples. Our sampling strategy enables a GPU based parallelized solution. Moreover, samples provide constraints on basis of luminance, chrominance, shape distortion, defocus and{{br}}coverage. Next, we constrain the light transport matrix. This ensures production of high quality textures that is highly consistent with the original object. Our results show considerable improvements in appearance regeneration using projection mapping. We are planning to extend the framework in order to support dynamic textures and introduce view dependent effects in the future.
3 차원 형상 획득장치를 통한 사실적인 디지털 문화재 라이브러리
Realistic Digital Cultural Library based 3D Shape Acquisition System
The digital cultural heritage is a method of digitizing 3D virtual contents on the basis of actual cultural heritages{{br}}or replica of them. In recent years, effective visualization techniques such as augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) have been developed, the museum has evolved into a digital museum which can be seen realistically without temporal and spatial constraints. However most contents of the digital cultural heritage are difficult to represent realistically because they use captured 2D image or 3D virtual contents created by expert. Therefore, we propose the realistic digital cultural library in this paper. Firstly, we perform the 3D reconstruction from shape acquisition system consisting of multiple light sources and cameras. And then we construct a virtual environment that can upload 3D contents and interact with users using WebGL. Since the proposed method can be applied not only to digital museum but also to industrial products, it is expected that it can be effectively used in exhibitions and advertisements.
프로젝션맵핑에서의 디포커스 흐림 보상
Defocus Blur Correcting on Projection Mapping
In general, the projector is larger than a lens system such as a camera in order to express bright light quantity.{{br}}This limits the depth-of-field of the projector, and when projected onto a curved surface or a threedimensional{{br}}object rather than a conventional flat screen, it is out-of-focus in some areas. Since the image information that is not in this focus area is blurred, it differs from the original image to be projected. We will propose a method of creating and correcting a defocus kernel using the depth difference between the projection surface and the focal plane of the projector.
Aveva Marine 에서 Smart 3D 로의 선체구조모델 변환 자동화 방법에 관한 연구
A Study of Method for Automational Translating Ship Structure Model from Aveva Marine to Smart 3D
Unlike general-purpose CAD systems used in the field of machinery, dedicated CAD systems used in the shipbuilding field have attribute information related to various designs, not only geometric shapes for each design model, in the database inside the system, Each system has its own form.{{br}}Therefore, in order to implement the same hull structural model between different CAD systems used in the shipbuilding field, this study reconstructs the attribute information about the design existing in each CAD system and reconstructs the shape through the API of the CAD system I would like to introduce the automatic conversion method.
조선소 트랜스포터 최적 운영 지원을 위한 운행 실적 기반의 적치장 선정 방법 연구
A Study on Block Stockyard Selection based on Results of Operations for Transporter Optimized Operating Support
Block logistics management of the shipyard is how the number of transport blocks of the block increases, depending on{{br}}the piling and thereby transport costs, and air is increased and the action it is essential to effectively block the piling. The{{br}}block logistics management is aimed at minimizing the travel distance and the operation cost of the transporter as the{{br}}blocks are effectively stacked, and the longer the distance traveled, the more cost is involved and the total production cost{{br}}is increased. Was this study discussed the best stockyard Selection of the block to be currently identifying the operation{{br}}status of the block stockyard is carried to improve the efficiency of the transporter operations and based on the driving{{br}}performance to support the transporter optimal operation, this prototype Type, and proved the possibility of selecting a{{br}}stockpile through this method.
일관된 유한요소 모델기반 선체 국부구조 Fine Mesh 모델 자동 생성
Automatic Generation of Fine Mesh Model for Local Structure of a Hull based on the Consistent Finite Element Model
2015 년 7 월부터 적용되고 있는 산적화물선 및 유조선 공통구조규칙 (CSR-H; Harmonized Common Structural Rules) 환경에서는 선수미부까지 모델링 대상이 확대되면서 구조해석을 위한 유한요소모델 생성에 기존 대비 많은 시수가 투입되고 있다. 응력집중 구간에 대해서는 필수적으로 더욱 상세한 Fine-Mesh 모델을 생성하여야 하는데, 이러한 Fine-Mesh 적용 범위가 넓어져{{br}}선박 유한요소모델 생성에 소요되는 시수 이상이 추가적으로 요구된다. 여기에 더해, 피로해석을 수행해야 하는 국부구조는 Very Fine-Mesh 모델이 필요한데, 이러한 유한요소모델의 상세도에 따른 모델링은 많은 시간이 필요한 반복적인 작업이다. 본 연구에서는 강도평가를 위해 최초에 만든 유한요소모델을 Fine-Mesh, Very Fine-Mesh 까지 자동으로 생성하고, 복원할 수 있는{{br}}모델링 자동화 및 Re-Mesh 기능에 대해 소개하고자 한다.
포인트 클라우드 기반의 3D 배관 모델 정합 방법 연구
A study on point cloud based pipe 3D model registration
In this study, a point cloud based 3D model registration algorithm was proposed for future markerless pipeline recognition. Even if the pipeline system onboard ship is very complex, according to theirs painting color and diameter, they are also well ranged. In this algorithm, a RGB-D scanning data of a lab-test pipeline system was firstly captured. After de-noising and down sampling, cylinder objects respectively segmented by different diameter and different color. And were then,{{br}}connection relationship was calculated in those cylinder objects who have the same diameter. After that, those turning points will be used to the registration with pipe’s CAD model system and figure it out which part those segmented pipes belonging to.
해상 크레인 운송용 예인선의 운용을 위한 최적화 모델 연구
A study on Optimization Model of Tugboats Operation for Transporting Offshore Floating Crane
In general, tugboats are used to transport many kinds of unactuated vessels such as ships and offshore structures.{{br}}This requires an adequate model of tugboats operation to take into account surge, sway, and yaw motions precisely. In this study, we present an optimization method of tugboats operation for transporting an offshore floating crane in shipyard. An optimization problem including the interactions between the crane and tugboats is mathematically formulated. The procedure to solve this problem is composed of two steps. First, the required total thrust force and moment acting on the crane are calculated to make it arrive the target position with desired velocity and direction in the presence of environmental disturbances. Second, the optimization problem is solved by using the genetic algorithms (GA) to find total number of the required tugboats, position, thrust, and direction of each tugboat. The proposed approach is applied to the transportation of the offshore floating crane in the various environmental conditions such as waves, winds, and currents.
비 상호 관통 제약 조건을 이용한 다물체 시스템의 충돌 해석 방법에 대한 연구
A study on collision analysis of multibody systems using non-interpenetration constraints
Several approaches have been applied to detect collision and to calculate appropriate responses in the simulation of the multibody systems. If the bodies can be represented by continuously differentiable functions, we can use non-interpenetration condition as a collision analysis. Once their boundaries are represented mathematically by generalized coordinates, we can re-formulate the equations of motion including signed distance function between the two collision bodies, which is called non-interpenetration constraints. Non-interpenetration constraints are simply working only when the boundaries of the two bodies are in contact or interpenetrate each other. In this study, the equations of motion of multibody systems are presented for two types of collision: One is collision between the plane and vertices, the other is collision between the plane and the sphere. Moreover, the fictional constraints are also derived by using polyhedral{{br}}approximation of the friction cone. Finally, it is successfully applied to verify the motion response of the bodies after collision. Furthermore, it is applied to the lifting-off simulation which is to lift the subsea equipment on the deck of the offshore support vessel (OSV) by using the knuckle boom crane.
FLNG 의 배치 설계를 위한 최적화 모델 연구
A study on Optimization Model for FLNG Layout Design
The FLNG is an FPSO (floating, production, storage and offloading) facility with an LNG plant, including all ancillary facilities being self-contained on board. In contrast with commercial vessels such as LNG ship and Tanker, FLNG design requires many considerations such as international codes and standards, owners’ own requirements, operation and maintenance philosophy and so on. In this study, the optimization technique for FLNG was proposed to obtain the optimal layout which satisfies many requirements for both topside and hull.{{br}}And this study focused on economic effect other than the operability, maintainability, and safety. FLNG design was developed by formulating an arrangement problem as optimization problem. And the proposed model can provide optimized overall layout of FLNG including topside and hull with limited information and output is finalized by evaluation process. {{br}}The result of this study showed that the proposed model can develop the optimal design of FLNG and improve work efficiency of FLNG design.
마스크리스 리소그래피를 위한 OPENGL기반의 패턴이미지 생성 방법
스테레오 카메라와 빔프로젝터를 이용한 선체 외판 가공정보 전달
Displaying system for hull plate forming information using stereo camera and beam projector
Numerous studies have been carried out to engineer for the hull plate forming. It is most useful to use an automated machine to utilize hull plate forming information that is technically calculated. However, if the machine is not used, it is troublesome to display the position of the forming information on the hull steel. {{br}}Therefore, in this study, we developed a prototype of a system that can express forming information on the hull plate using stereo camera and beam projector. This system can grasp the shape and position of the hull immediately before applying the processing information and can efficiently transmit forming information to the operator.
A quality inspection system for COF (chip on film) circuit images
다중 목적함수와 복합제약을 이용한 공정 자동생성 알고리듬
The Algorithm for Auto-generation of Processes using Multi-Objective Function and Complex Constraints
This paper proposes the algorithm to generate a process plan automatically. This proposed algorithm uses multiple objective functions and complex constraints to meet the needs of the business. The multi-objective function take into account line efficiency, line balance, and resource count. Complex constraints can express the relationship between elements and whether they are adjacent or independent. In this paper, we present a procedure for automatic process design using simulated annealing, which is a heuristic technique.
물류 비용 절감을 위한 조선소 물류 시뮬레이션 시스템 구축과 운영 방안
Development and operation of shipyard logistics simulation system to reduce logistics cost
A shipyard is a complex production system that includes a single production system for building ships and several types of unit production systems such as assembly, design, and painting. Therefore, a physically large space is required, and logistics between the internal unit production systems inevitably occur. In order to confirm the logistics in the shipyard, many projects were carried out based on the production planning data. {{br}}However, most of the projects were from short-term perspectives, and they were not used consistently with production planning systems. In this study, a logistics simulation system was constructed to reduce the logistics cost of the shipyard, and a method to operate it efficiently was studied. For this purpose, the production plan of the shipyard is divided and analyzed according to the execution plan. Also, a method for using various information systems and logistics simulation systems is defined. The simulation system proposed in this study can be used not only to calculate the logistics cost but also to suggest a method to efficiently establish and operate the logistics plan of the shipyard.
해양플랜트 배관공정의 리드타임 분석을 통한 납기일 예측 정확도 향상에 관한 연구
A Study on improving the accuracy of due date prediction by lead-time analysis in offshore plant construction
글로벌 경기침체와 주요 경쟁국들의 부상으로 인해 국내 조선해양 산업에 위기가 도래함에 따라, 최근 조선해양 산업의 제조 경쟁력 확보를 위한 다양한 연구들이 진행되고 있다. 이번 연구에서는 조선해양 제조 경쟁력의 핵심이라 할 수 있는 의장품의 공급 관리에 관한 기초 연구로써, 배관재의 제작 공정 데이터 분석을 진행하였다. 배관재의 공급에서의 가장 중요한 문제는 적기 납입으로, 각 공정 절점별로 납기일을 관리하여 필요자재를 적기에 입고시키는 것이 경쟁력의 핵심이라 할 수 있다. 그러나 수작업에 의존해 납기를 관리하면서 적기 납입률이 매우 낮아졌고, 이러한 수작업 관리의 한계로 인해 시스템적인 데이터 수집 및 분석 체계수립, 시스템 기반 납기 관리의 필요성이 매우 높아졌다. 이번 연구를 통해 배관 제작~도장~적치~설치에 이르는 공정에 대한 납기 관리를 위해 각 공정 절점별로 리드타임 분석을 진행하였고, 이를 바탕으로 리드타임을 예측할 수 있는 회귀식을 개발하여 현업 납기관리에 적용하였다. 또한 납기 예측 정확도를 평가하여 예측 정확도를 높일 수 있는 방법을 제시하였다. 공정 리드타임 예측을 위해 다양한 변수들을 사용하여 회귀 분석을 진행하였으며, 배관재의 물리적 특성, 제작공정 특성, 제작업체와 같이 수치형 변수와 범주형 변수를 모두 사용하여 회귀식의 정확도를 높이는 방법을 제시하였다. 또한 신경망 네트워크, 의사결정 나무 방법으로 결정된 예측식을 다변량 회귀분석 방법과 비교하여 각각의 방법에 따른 예측 정확도를 비교하였다. 또한 회귀식의 예측 정확도를 높이기 위해 패턴 분류를 통해 납기의 진행 상황에 따라 예측 정확도를 높일 수 있는 분석 방법을 적용하였다. 패턴 분류를 통해 공정 진행 상황에 따라 데이터를 분류하고, 분류된 데이터 내에서 패턴인지를 통해 납기일을 분석하고 예측할 수 있는 방법을 제안하였다. 또한 이렇게 수집 및 분석된 공정 데이터를 프로세스 마이닝 기법을 통해 병목 공정을 찾아내고, 이상 프로세스를 감지 할 수 있는 시스템으로 확장하였다. 이번 연구를 통해 배관 제작공정의 납기를 예측하고 관리 할 수 있는 기초 기술 및 기준 정보를 확보하였고, 해양플랜트 배관재의 공급망 관리에 적용하여 납기 관리의 정확도를 높일 수 있었다.
웹 기술을 이용한 무안경식 초다시점 디스플레이 기반 인터랙티브 CAD 리뷰 시스템
Interactive CAD Review System for Super Multiview Autostereoscopic Displays based on Web Technologies
With the development of optic technologies, a glasses-free super multiview display has emerged. However, the display is not widely used because its content is still in the early stages of using image or video only without user interaction. To expend the display market, it needs content that can take advantage of the display. In this paper, we propose a webized interactive CAD review system using super multiview autostereoscopic displays. The content for the display is described by web technologies such as HTML5, CSS, and JavaScript. The proposed system renders the content on a web browser and{{br}}handles user interaction using JavaScript. A user can view a stereoscopic image with a sense of depth through motion parallax using the display and control the content remotely using eye tracker or gesture interaction devices. We present an example of content using a prototype implementation to verify the usefulness of our approach.
World-In-Miniature 환경에서 증강현실과 Rapid Prototype 를 이용한 설비 레이아웃 구성 방법
A Method for Configuring Virtual Manufacturing Facility Layout with Augmented Reality and Rapid Prototypes in a World-In-Miniature Environment
본 논문에서는 증강현실 기반의 World-In-Miniature(WIM) 환경에서 Rapid Prototype(RP)를 활용하여 제조 시스템의 설비 레이아웃에 대한 증강가시화 및 상호작용 방법을 제시한다. 제시된 방법을 통해 사용자는 여러 단계(Molding, Assembly 등)를 거쳐 제품을 생산하는 공정의 설비에 대한 전반적인 레이아웃(레이아웃)을 보다 쉽게 이해할 수 있다. RP 는 설비 레이아웃을 구성하{{br}}는데 이용되며, 설비 레이아웃을 수정하기 위해 RP 를 직접 이동 및 회전시킨다. RP 의 위치 및 자세를 토대로 증강현실 기반의 WIM 환경에서 설비 레이아웃이 실시간으로 증강가시화된다. 그리고 시뮬레이션 소프트웨어와의 연동을 통해 구성된 설비 레이아웃에 대한 다양한 정보(생산 정보 등)를 지원한다.
가상/증강현실 기반의 1:1 원격 협업 연구
A study on virtual and augmented reality-based one-to-one remote collaboration
최근 가상/증강현실 기술은 기존의 다양한 미디어 매체보다 정보 전달이나 흥미를 유발하는 측면에서 훨씬 직관적인 상호작용을 제공해주는 매체로 주목을 받고 있다. 한편, 멀리 떨어진 사람 간의 협업이 효과적으로 이뤄질 수 있도록 원격 협업에 관한 연구가 많이 진행되어 왔다. 하지만, 협업을 통해 주고 받는 정보의 종류와 그에 따른 효과에 관한 연구는 아직 부족하다.{{br}}본 논문에서는 가상/증강현실을 기반으로 작업자와 전문가 간의 원격 협업 방식을 제안하고 이를 비교평가한다. 작업자는 스마트 기기를 이용하여 협업이 필요한 과업이나 설비에 대한 정보를 사진이나 실시간 영상으로 전문가에게 전달하고, 이를 바탕으로 전문가는 다양한 증강 현실 태깅(Tagging)을 제공하여 상호작용 및 협업을 수행할 수 있다. 제안하는 방법에 대한 상호작용 및 협업의 효율성, 과업 달성도 평가 및 사용성 평가를 진행한다.
족부 압력 데이터를 이용한 가상현실 트레드밀 시스템의 개발
A development of virtual-reality treadmill system using plantar pressure data
Virtual-reality treadmill is a walking platform system which enables users navigate virtual worlds using recognized his walking motion. Especially, a treadmill with small walking area requires walking speed estimation process in order to generate effective ground motion. This study introduces a new walking speed estimation and treadmill control method based on plantar pressure data measured from wearable pressure sensors. The speed estimation is achieved by the speed of center of pressure data among various ground reaction forces. In addition, a feedforward treadmill control scheme was adopted to utilize these estimated speeds into the stable treadmill control. Through the implementation of the user-driven treadmill system and walking experiments, we confirmed that the performance and benefit of our result of development.
동적 입체 슈도홀로그램을 이용한 사용자 참여형 전시 시스템
Interactive exhibition system using dynamic 3d pseudo hologram
Recently, need of 3d visualization technologies is increased so many technology related to the 3d visualization is developed.{{br}}Especially, pseudo hologram projecting contents on flat reflection plane and reflecting the projected contents is commonly used to visualize a content in the air but it just make a 2D floating image so it can make a 3D effect at only one angle for a reflector.{{br}}To solve this problem, we replace the 2D display or flat reflection plane to 3D mockup which has same shape and size of original object. It provides us 3D effect regardless of view point. But it is still limited in static exhibition because the contents depends on the mockup so the contents cannot move or be changed without movement or change of mockup. In this research, we propose that new interactive exhibition system using dynamic 3d pseudo hologram with motorized stage which freely rotate and translate mockup and various sensors to apply user’s intention in real-time. It makes a dynamic contents by integrating 3D projection mapping technology.
다중 프로젝터 기반 공간증강현실 시스템의 색상 보상 방법에 관한 연구
Radiometric Compensation Method for the Multiple Projector based Spatial Augmented Reality System
Spatial augmented reality is projector based display technology that renders the virtual objects directly on the user’s physical space. The spatial augmented reality has advantage that a natural three dimensional effect can be recognized through the draped digital image on the physical projection surface having a three dimensional shape. In addition, multiple users can watch and interact with virtual object simultaneously without wearing special devices. However, the spatial augmented reality has inherent drawback that augmented contents are highly depending on the projection surface. In particular, resulting projection image suffers from chromatic aberration caused by spatially varying reflectance property of the 3D projection surface. Furthermore, when using multiple projectors for spatial augmented reality system, we should take care of the overlap region of the multiple projectors to reproduce the desired color. In this paper, we present the radiometric compensation method of the spatial augmented reality system which consists of the multiple projector-camera pairs. we take the spectral responses of the projector, camera, and 3D projection surface into consideration to define the radiometric model of the spatial augmented reality system. And then, we estimate the radiometric model of the system using multiple linear regression with least square method. Finally, the compensation matrix and compensation image are evaluated using estimated radiometric model. We expect that high-fidelity color{{br}}reproduction of desired input image can be displayed by projecting the compensation image.
선분 카메라 쌍과 선분 프로젝터 쌍을 이용한 직사각형 프로젝션 매핑
Coupled Line Cameras and Projectors: A Geometric Tool Set for Rectangular Projection Mapping
A novel geometric tool set, composed of coupled line cameras (CLC) and coupled line projectors (CLP), is introduced for application in rectangular projection mapping. Recently, CLC has been comprehensively investigated and it gives a new insight as a geometric computer vision tool. Given an unknown scene rectangle and an uncalibrated camera, CLC provides analytic solutions to determine the aspect ratio of a scene rectangle and to compute extrinsic camera parameters. Although coupled line projectors (CLP) has been introduced earlier than CLC, its solutions are not refined as much as CLC. In this paper, we summarize the current state of CLC, propose new analytic solutions of CLP, and show that they can be combined as a geometric tool set for a projection mapping application. Especially, the proposed CLC-CLP tool set is convenient since it can be applied to any real-world rectangle, either explicit or implicit, without specification of the screen geometry. In addition, no fiducial marker-based calibration is required for either a camera or projector, which makes projection mapping more casual and accessible.
한옥과 전통건축의 구축기법을 응용한 표준화 모듈러 주택설계기법
A Normative Modular Design Approach adopting Hanok and Traditional Building Framing Techniques
In this paper, based on the understandings of the traditional Hanok wooden structure crafting, we have been rethinking the designing of traditional and neo-Hanok, adopting the normative modular to be helpful in the BIM era. Firstly, we have suggested a framework as a conceptual formalization for the understanding fo ‘designing’ in the form of an algebra accommodating three sub-types of designing as in the three phases, that include physical, chemical and biological combinations, namely mixture, fusion and biological bond (consilience). Secondly, we use Unity 5 to develop a vehicle for the Hanok design, so that we could test and verify various forms of normative modular assemblies in scene views with asset components. Lastly we explain the basics of normative modular in terms of their categories, naming rules and assemblies with an exemplar of Yangju H-plan neo-Hanok design. The beauty of Hanok design lies in the combination of two different extensions at the joint where all the external conditions including ground leves, roof ridge levels and wooden structuring are idiosyncratic to each other. We expect readers’ insight in the normative modular{{br}}design method beyond the physical mixture of components.
BIM 모델링으로부터 수량 및 공사비 자동산출 기법
BIM based Quantity and Price Automation Estimate Method
Lately BIM(Building Information Modeling) based quantity and price estimate method is very important topic at BIM Part. Most BIM build and application is design BIM Part. In order words, “What is BIM?”. Most people will say “BIM is 3d design modeling by 2d cad drawing plan”. But lately BIM build and application is expanded to estimate calculation part by solution based. Recently 2D CAD based estimate method is changing to 3D BIM based estimate method. Therefore this “BIM based Quantity and Price Automation Estimate Method” is surly necessary subject for BIM Part.
건설 자재 온라인 유통 시스템 개선에 관한 연구
A Study on the Improvement of Online Distribution System of Building Materials
Buildings are built by a combination of various building materials. In early design step, choosing building materials is an important part. Recently, there has been a change in the construction materials market due to diversification of building materials, changes in the perception of users due to the improvement of income level, and institutional changes{{br}}such as legal amendment. However, in a changing environment of the construction materials market, there is a limit to producing satisfactory user satisfaction or high quality building in a traditional building material environment. Therefore, it is necessary to respond to changes through improvement of the construction material distribution system. In this study, we analyze the current material system and find out the improvement plan of material distribution system through other successful cases and verify it through web model. These construction information hubs will have a positive effect on improving the quality of buildings by selecting effective and reasonable construction materials and building materials.
3D Convolutional Neural Network 를 활용한 3D 설계 데이터 분류에 관한 연구
A Research about 3D Design Data Classification with 3D Convolutional Neural Network
With the recent advances in technology in the 3D printing industry, low-priced products are available for the general public to purchase. Therefore, 3D printing can be easily seen from the periphery. Nevertheless, many people are still unfamiliar with designing 3D models and have difficulty using 3D printers. To improve the accessibility of 3D printers, non-experts should be able to easily model shapes drawn in the head. The 3D design support tool using deep learning can convert a CAD model into a 3D Voxel and then extract the features of the object using the data, such as retrieving the related data using text or images in a search engine. It is a tool that can find the relationship with the model. These technologies are expected to provide convenience to users in many areas familiar to us, such as search engines, 3D printers, and CAD. In this study, we apply this technology to the product design process and recommend a professional CAD file when an unfinished or incomplete CAD work state is developed, or develop a program that corrects or completes deficiencies or mistakes compared with the finished model.
여객선 탈출 시뮬레이션을 고려한 여객선 기본 설계에 관한 연구
A study on the preliminary design of passenger ships using the evacuation simulation
세월호 참사 이후 국민의 여객선에 대한 불신은 높아져가고 있으며, 이를 극복하기 위해 관련 산업에서 ‘스마트폰 탑재 3D 해상안전 솔루션’, ‘연안여객선 현대화 사업’ 등 해양 안전에 대한 다양한 활동이 계속되고 있다. 하지만 위급 상황에서의 다양한 변수들과 예외가 발생했을 경우 근본적인 피난소요시간(Required Safe Egress Time : RSET)을 줄이기 위해서는 여객선의 설계 단계에서부터 탈출을 고려한 주요 설비(계단 및 복도 폭) 설계가 이루어져야 한다고 생각하였다. 이를 위해서 본 연구에서는 주어진 승객수와 갑판설비배치가 주어졌다고 가정하였을 때, 요구되는 탈출 시간을 기본 설계 단계에서 만족하게 할 수 있도록, 국제해사기구(International Maritime Organization: IMO)의 기준을 만족하는 피난 프로그램(DEM, Distinct Element Method)을 이{{br}}용하여 실제 여객선이 제시하는 Evacuation Plan 에 적용, 탈출 경로의 Parameter 값들을 변경하여 해당 설계안을 평가하도록 하였다.
선박의 연료 소모량 추정을 위한 ISO 15016:2015 의 적용 방법 연구
A study on application method of ISO 15016:2015 for estimation of fuel oil consumption in ships
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) suggested guidelines for the assessment of speed and power performance in 2002. And recently ISO revised the guidelines in 2015. Thus, there needs to adopt newest guidelines for estimating the performance of ships. However, it is not suitable for estimating the performance in actual ships which operate in the ocean. Because ISO 15016:2015 was focused on assessment of ideal performance using sea trial data. Therefore, modified procedure of ISO 15016:2015 was proposed in this study. the modified procedure is mainly composed of four steps. First, additional resistance according to sea state is estimated. Second, speed correction due to current and shallow water effect is calculated. Third, required power according to additional resistance is estimated using DPM (Direct Power Method). Finally, fuel oil consumption is calculated using the performance which is estimated in previous steps. To evaluate the accuracy of the proposed method, the method was applied to estimate the performance of 4,600TEU container ships. And it was compared with actual operating data.
유압식 피스톤 사출 장치의 최적 설계 방법 연구
A Study of Optimal Design Method for Hydraulic Piston Ejection System
In underwater ejection system, high pressure difference and noise can be fatal. In this study, we conducted research on Hydraulic Piston Ejection System including accumulator through simulation based design to minimize drawbacks. We set the maximum pressure difference, and ejection speed of the projectile as an objective function, and the maximum acceleration as constraints to optimize the 4 design parameters of the ejection system. We designed dynamic simulation model with C# to implement ejection system. Also, we used NSGA-II to optimize design parameters.
선박 최적 항로 결정을 위한 목적 함수 및 제약 조건 선정에 관한 연구
A study on selection of objective functions and constraints for optimal ship route planning
Ship route planning is generally planned by a captain and a chief mate. Mostly, they used to decide the route depending on their experience and judgement at the necessary moment. While, most of existing algorithms have been considered few objectives like cost so these algorithms cannot satisfy their needs sufficiently. In this study, we study various objective functions and constraints in related studies and we select multiple objective functions and constraints. Multi-optimization method determining path and speed of ship route is developed for validating effectiveness. To obtain the optimal solution with mathematical model, the problem of the ship route planning should be formulated as the optimization problem. Total fuel consumption, seakeeping performance and operability are considered to determine the optimal route composed of path and speed. We check of the simultaneous optimization method through examples and we confirm the applicability{{br}}and efficiency of proposed method.
가상현실기반의 선박 검사 훈련 시뮬레이터 개발
Development of Virtual Reality Based Ship Survey Training Simulator System
The ship surveyor makes a scheme of reasonable ship operation by examining whether the ship has been properly constructed in accordance with the classification rule and international conventions or whether the facilities of the ship in operation meet the standard stipulated by law. Even though the ship surveyor of classification society generally consist of the people who have a skill that can design or operate the ships, it takes a long time to train a surveyor to the maturity level. This paper describes the development of survey simulator based on virtual ship environment that enables the surveyor minimize trial and errors to survey the ships. By using VR(Virtual Reality) based survey simulator, surveyors possibly achieve improvement of competence in survey quality by means of safe and immersive training environment.
CalculiX 오픈소스 소프트웨어를 활용한 고강도 스타일드 스틸 휠의 동적선회 구조해석 효율성 검토
An efficiency study of CalculiX open source software related in dynamic cornering structural analysis of high strength styled steel wheel
알루미늄 휠 대비 경쟁력을 확보하면서 무게를 줄일 수 있는 고강도 스타일드 스틸 휠의 제품 개발을 위해서는 응력집중 가능성이 커지는 굴곡을 가진 디스크 내부 형태에 따른 동적 선회 피로시험을 꼭 거쳐야 한다. 반복 구간에 대해 회전 각도 별로 하중의 방향을 바꿔가며 정적 선형해석을 적용해 얻어진 응력결과를 확보 후 피로해석을 통해 최종 디스크 굴곡에 의한 영향 관계를 확인할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 동적 선회 구조해석에 대해 정적 선형해석으로 오픈소스 소프트웨어인 CalculiX 를 사용해 상용 소프트웨어인 ANSYS Mechanical 의 최대 응력 결과와 비교한 결과 2.8% 이내 차이, 최대 변위에 있어서는 약 0.7% 정도로 동등한 수준의 결과가 확보되었다. CalculiX 의 솔버와 메쉬 모델링을 간편하게 처리할 수 있는 HEMOS-Structure 전∙후처리기 및 클라우드 기반 서비스인 HEMOS-Cloud 로 휠 제조 중소기업에서는 저렴한 비용으로 제품 설계 검토에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 다만 피로수명까지 바로 확인할 수 있기 위해서 CalculiX 에 신규 모듈로 장착되기를 기다려야만 한다.
고에너지 금속 복합재의 저속 및 고속 충격시험을 통한 반응성 평가
Reactivity evaluation of intermetallic composites through low and high speed impact tests
Intermetallic composites composed of reactive metals are capable of release high energy. They have relatively high mechanical strength and insensitiveness which can be used in ordnance applications. In this study, aluminum-based intermetallic composites which include Al-Ni, Al-W and Al-Ni-W are investigated in terms of their reactivity. Metal powders are uniformly mixed and pressed into various sizes of specimens. The reactivity evaluation of prepared intermetallic composites is conducted via low and high speed impact tests. Also, the synthesis parameters such as particle size, theoretical maximum density, specimen size are investigated to compare the effects on reaction sensitivity.{{br}}This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2014R1A1A2059731).{{br}}
다공성 물질의 응력 변형률 선도 예측을 위한 유한요소 모델
Finite Element Model for Prediction of stress strain curve of porous materials
Recently, metal materials and various non-metallic materials have been widely used in industrial fields.{{br}}Especially, ceramics in non-ferrous materials have various electrical, chemical and mechanical properties and are widely applied in various applications. However, it is difficult to predict the material properties through various crystal structures of ceramics, by applying the results of simple material tests to the material properties, many of unexpected problems had been occurred. Therefore in this study, Properties of LSCF / LSM composite ceramic material which has been utilized in a porous ceramic separation membrane field have been predicted by various structure analysis through CAE and compared with material test result.
무선 블록을 이용한 새로운 3 차원 모델링 유저 인터페이스
New 3D modeling user interface through wireless physical blocks
There are several easy to use CAD tools that have been developed, but still it takes at least several hours to learn those tools and takes more hours to get user intended models. Because of this, entry barriers to CAD tools are still high for users who want direct and simple modeling such as young kids or beginners. In order to solve this problem, this research suggests new user interface of 3D modeling through physical blocks. {{br}}Wireless blocks which are combined of several hardwares communicate with a terminal and as blocks assemble or separate, various 3D models are rendered on terminal display. Along with block assembly and seperation, rotation of blocks or block groups are rendered as well. For 3D positioning, Zero Velocity Update Strategy(ZVUT) and Madgwick Algorithm(MA) are used.
인공지능 기반 미세 Motion 검출을 통한 기구, 장비
A Study on the Artificial Intelligence-based Fault Verification for Equipment by Subtle Motion
With the arrival of Industrial 4.0, in manufacturing, users increasingly demand comprehensive maintenance service in their production equipment in order to ensure high availability and to prevent downtimes in critical phases of the production processes, affecting customer delivery times. From the manufacturer’s point of view, it is vital to optimize and to improve the service provided to the final users, allowing appropriate maintenance planning and responding to the demand. The research about setting the sensors at the production equipment combine deep learning for fault verification are developing at resent, and how to upgrade the accuracy until is a hot topic.{{br}}This study, we proposed a new method which is Artificial Intelligence-based Fault verification for equipment by subtle motion. It’s Different from traditional method that we use photography instead of multiple sensors to get production equipment data，and magnify subtle motion for good learning which can upgrade the accuracy.
실시간 제조 데이터 기반 스마트 사출금형 시스템 프레임워크
Real-time Data based Smart Injection Molding System Framework
금형 산업은 국가 주력산업인 자동차, 디스플레이, 모바일 디바이스, 반도체 등의 핵심부품을 대량생산 할 수 있으며 단위 부품에서부터 복합 부품까지 양산할 수 있는 국가 기반 산업이다. 국가 기반 산업의 근간을 이루는 금형 산업은 제품의 미세, 정밀화 및 생산선 및 제품 신뢰성 향상을 위해 ICT(Information and Communications and Technologies)와 IoT(Internet of Things) 기술과의 융복합을 통한 제조 혁신이 활발히 진행 중이다. 본 논문에서는 전통적인 사출금형 공정 및 시스템과 IoT 기술의 융합을 통한 실시간 제조 데이터 기반 스마트 사출금형 시스템의 프레임 워크를 정의하고 제안하고자 한다. 제안된 프레임워크는 데이터 취득 모듈, 이상 징후 예측 모듈, 가상 공정 엔진 모듈, 그리고 최적 설비 제어 모듈로 구분하여 정의된다. 본 연구는 사출{{br}}금형 공정의 제조혁신을 도모하고 IoT 기술 융합을 통한 스마트공장화를 지원할 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.
딥 러닝을 이용한 인간의 자세 및 행동 분석
Human Posture and Behavior Analysis Using Deep Learning
This paper proposes human activity recognition system using a multimodal sensor and deep learning. As the deep learning is insufficient to recognize human activities, we add values measured by the multimodal sensor to it to increase the recognition rate. Recently wearable devices are utilized in healthcare applications. {{br}}However, we need the wearable device which has a comprehensive and variable interface to improve qualities of human life. We use the deep learning in order to apply the variable interface. The multimodal sensor consist of an accelerometer, a gyroscope an altimeter. The human activities were collected by the multimodal sensor. Eight types of activity have been learned by using LSTM (Long Short Term Memory) of RNN (Recurrent Neural Networks). We use 9 degrees of freedom as input data for deep learning. Six types of activity have be learned by LSTM on dynamic posture and behavior recognition. The only deep learning is recognized less 100%. We have improved the recognition rate to 100% by merging physical values measured from the multimodal sensor. We have also demonstrated the usefulness of the proposed system by applying it to a real environment.
IoT 기반의 재구성 가능한 생산시스템을 위한 재구성 가능 설비 디자인 개선
Design Methodology of Improved Reconfigurable Manufacturing Tool for IoT based Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems
Reconfigurable Manufacturing System (RMS) appeared as a solution to high variation in customer demands allowing manufacturers to satisfy different amount of demands in each single period. In RMS, the system satisfies demands by arranging configuration of the system or relocating machines exactly when and where needed; adding and removing machines whose number depends on the demand of every single period. RMS is also supported by its dedicated machining center, called as Reconfigurable Manufacturing Tools (RMT). RMT is CNC system that combines the merits of Dedicated Manufacturing Tools (DMT) and Flexible manufacturing Tools (FMT). However, to comply with the new trend of Industry 4.0, Internet of Things (IoT) has been a global issue that requires many global companies and manufacturers to integrate it into their smart manufacturing systems. Therefore, this paper addresses the importance of the integration of IoT into RMS and the improvement of the existing RMT in order to comply with the proposed IoT-based RMS. The design methodology of the improved RMT will be presented in this paper.
IoT 기반 사이버 모델 3 차원 Motion Model 구현에 관한 연구
A Study on Implementation of IoT Based 3D Motion Model of Cyber Model
In order to enhance competency in manufacturing, traditional manufacturing industry has been combined with ICT (Information & Communication Technology). With IoT(Internet of Things) and data analytics technologies basis, the products, equipment and processes in the factory have become smart and able to be connected. A Cyber Model are the core of the future manufacturing technologies, and the goal of optimization in production can be achieved by sharing and utilizing production information and knowledge. In this paper, we propose a new concept of 3D Motion Model of Cyber Model. The objective of this paper is to develop 3D Motion Model of Cyber Model and to suggest utilization plan of 3D Motion Model based on real-time virtualization by automated modeling & simulation using interoperability technology. The result of this paper enables applications lead to optimal decision making by 3D Motion Model of Cyber Model
커넥티드 스마트팩토리 기반의 동적 공급사슬 설계 및 운영
Dynamic Supply Chain Design and Operation for Connected Smart Factory
For an efficient operation of cloud-based connected smart factories that produce small quantities for various customers, a personalized supply chain, considering both properties of each product and capacities of factories, is needed. In this paper,{{br}}a dynamic supply chain design and operation planning methodology is presented to support in connected smart factory environments with 3D printer facilities. This paper also develop 2-stage mathematical model to design and operate optimal{{br}}supply chain. For verifying the model, numerical experiments are conducted.
3D 프린터 기반 조립 생산 공정 스케줄링 알고리즘 개발
WFAN 기반의 가변 재구성형 유연 조립시스템에 대한 핵심요소 기술 연구
Research of the Core Technology for Reconfigurable and Flexible Assembly Systems based on Wireless FANs
본 연구는 대량생산 대량소비에서 소량생산 소량소비로 전환되고 있는 시장 변화에 대응하여 하나의 공장에서 다양한 모델의 제품 생산을 가능하게 하는 가변 재구성형 유연 조립시스템 개발을 목표로 한다. {{br}}가변 재구성형 유연 조립시스템을 효율적으로 운영하기 위해서는 설계 및 생산 과정에서 서버와 공정 설비들간의 통신을 위한 유무선 네트워크 기술 개발이 필요하다. 서버 시스템에서는 생산 라인을 설계할 수 있는 구성 툴 개발, 생산 라인 구축 전에 설계된 생산 라인의 시뮬레이터 개발, 부품 및 반제품 물류를 관리하는 물류 서버 및 MES 시스템 개발과 더불어 이들 시스템과의 연동 기술 개발이 이루어지고, 공정별로 필요한 컴포넌트들(바코드 스캐너, 프린터 등)로 구성되는 공정셀 설비들에서는 초기 네트워크 구성 및 서버 탐색 기술, 컴포넌트 구성 및 라인 구성 기술 개발이 필요하다.{{br}}본 연구에서 개발된 가변 재구성형 유연 조립시스템을 차체 및 차량 모듈 생산 공장에 적용하여 다양한 변경요인(설계변경, 모델변경, 서열투입 등)을 수용하는 혼류 생산과 다양한 생산 모델 변경에 능동적으로 대응하는 지능적인 생산 관리가 이루어져서 이종의 생산 설비 연동과 공정셀 설비의 설치와 운영, 유지보수의 편의서을 극대화하고자 한다.
개인맞춤생산 스마트팩토리와 개바영 제조서비스 FaaS 플랫폼 기술개발 현황
Development of FaaS Smart Factory and Open Service Platform Technology for Mass Personalization
본 논문은 시장 수요 다양화 및 개인화 추세에 따라 빠르게 증대되는 롱테일 시장에 대응하기 위해 3D프린터와 로봇과 같은 혁신적 제조설비를 기반으로 개인맞춤제품의 소량생산을 지원하는 IoT기반의 스마트 팩토리와 이를 개인 또는 기업에게 제조 서비스의 형태로 제공하는 개방형 FaaS (Factory as a Service) 플랫폼의 기술 개발 현황을 소개하고, 주요 기술 이슈 및 향후 계획에 대해 언급한다. FaaS 스마트팩토리는 옥타곤 타입의 모듈러 단위를 기본 제조라인으로 하여, 각각의 단면에 단위 공정 설비가 배치되어 있으며, 3D프린터, 훈증기 및 CNC 등의 후가공 설비, 조립기, 비전 검사기, 부품 이송 로봇, 버퍼 설비로 구성되어 있다. 현재는 개인맞춤제품의 생산 용량 증대를 위해 2개 모듈로 제조라인 확장구축이 진행 중에 있다.{{br}}FaaS 시스템은 고객, 전문가, 조달 및 유통업체 등의 다양한 사업 주체들이 웹 상에서 수평적으로 협업하기 위한 클라우드 플랫폼과, 이종의 다양한 개인맞춤제품을 효율적으로 생산하기 위한 제조 운영 및 실행 제어 프레임워크를 포함한다. 개방형 FaaS 플랫폼 개발을 위한 주요 기술 이슈로는 고객으로 부터의 다양한 맞춤제품 생산 주문에 따른 온디맨드 엔지니어링 프로세스 기술, 자동화된 동적 제조 플래닝 기술, 이종 혼류 생산 기술, 상황 적응형 설비 공정 제어 기술, 실시간 제어 및 데이터 전송 기술 등이 있다.{{br}}본 연구는 향후 다가올 소량생산 소량소비 중심의 시장변화에 선제적으로 대응할 수 있는 미래형 스마트팩토리를 실현하고, 이를 기반으로 중소제조기업 중심의 수평적 생산 구조를 갖는 새로운 제조생태계 조성에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.
GBT(Green BIM Template)를 활용한 G-SEED(녹색건축인증제) 인증평가 BIM 시스템 개발 및 적용에 관한 연구
A Study on the Development and Application of G-SEED Certification Assessment BIM System Using GBT
To acquire a green building certification, the requirements must be considered in the early design stages of the building. However, many complex problems and work processes need to be recognized effectively apply the detail of many items that require analysis and data.{{br}}BIM template provides BIM-based standardized data that allows users to take make use of the objective information and analysis on the design phase of eco-friendly building.{{br}}However, the results are different because of the absence of standardized working environment for designers or users of the BIM library and models.{{br}}Accordingly, the objective of this study is to provide a BIM library and template to the user and develop a G-SEED certification assessment of the BIM system for rapid and objective analysis and verification.
기하정보 기반 이상탐지분석을 이용한 BIM 개별 부재 IFC 분류 정합성 검토에 관한 연구
Using Geometry based Anomaly Detection to check Integrity of IFC classifications in BIM Models
Although Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) provide standards for exchanging Building Information Modeling (BIM) data, authoring tools still require manual mapping between BIM entities and IFC classes.{{br}}This leads to errors and omissions, which results in corrupted data exchanges that are unreliable. This research explores ways to automate the mapping of IFC classes using a machine learning technique, namely anomaly detection. The technique incorporates geometric features of individual components to find outliers among identical IFC classes. Initial experiments performed on Architectural building models show that such an approach effectively identifies misclassifications. The initial work is expected to provide foundations for automation in the area of open BIM initiatives and interoperability issues.
FAB 산업시설에서의 Retrofit 를 위한 개선된 Scan to BIM Process 제안
A proposal of Improved Scan-to-BIM Process for Retrofit in FAB Industrial Facility
As the FAB(Fabrication) project becoming larger, more complex and more diversified, the FAB facility information is integrated as BIM(Building Information Modeling) to generate models of FAB with complex facility and equipment. The use of BIM is able to apply to various sources of survey data to create datasets from which to plan refurbishments, renovations, retrofit or to plan new build project. To use BIM on retrofit project, As-built drawing should be precise and have correct data information. Therefore, this research analyzes the existing scan-to-BIM process for retrofit and proposes the process to generate as-built data based laser scan data and the data application plan as reference data. In addition, we propose the integrated BIM work process to 3D as-built model for retrofit.
국내 EVMS 활성화 및 5D 연계성 확장을 위한 연구 동향 분석
EVMS research trend for multi-use and 5D CAD application in Korea
시스템 엔지니어링 기반 해양플랜트 분리 시스템의 설계 검증 방법 연구
A Study on the Design Verification Method of Offshore Plant Separation System Based on Systems Engineering
This study presents design verification method of offshore plant separation system based on systems engineering.{{br}}Separation system is one of the most important equipment of the oil and gas offshore plant that determines the competitiveness of the EPC (engineering, procurement and construction) projects especially in terms of the added value.{{br}}Nevertheless, previous researches in design verification have been limited to the process and deliverable of design work.{{br}}In this context, the purpose of this study is to propose a comprehensive design verification method and its functions from the project management perspective throughout the whole project life-cycle for offshore plants. It is expected that the proposed methodology for design verification will contribute to effective practice of detailed design as well as to{{br}}improvement of competitive capability for engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) companies of the offshore{{br}}plant at the early design stage.{{br}}In this study, we first analyze separation system of FPSO (floating production storage offloading) using design verification method taken by the advanced countries and compare with the generic international SE (systems engineering) process formalized as ISO 15288. Then, a tailored process for design verification of the offshore plant has been derived. As a result, it is shown that the proposed design verification method can be applied to the FEED (front end engineering design) process of offshore plant and moreover will be able to contribute to successful performance of offshore project in the future. Also, it can minimize design changes and critical risks during the construction of the offshore plant.
무인수상정의 통합 시뮬레이션을 위한 ROS(Robot Operating System) 기반 데이터 전달 방법 연구
A study of data transmitting and receiving technique based on ROS(Robot Operating System) for integrated simulation of USV(Unmanned Surface Vehicle)
As the patterns of warfare changes, the application of UWS(Unmanned War System) is highly increasing. {{br}}Among them, The USV, Unmanned Surface Vehicle, mainly performs mine detection, marine reconnaissance and survey. As the USV operate unmanned, the autonomic software in USV takes charge of detection, decision and command procedure. Therefore, prior to the real operation, the assessment of the autonomic software is required. To reduce time and cost, the virtual prototype of USV is necessary instead of the real hardware, and the integrated simulation with the USV mounted control logic should be performed. For the integrated simulation, the virtual prototype of USV and marine environment, and the control logic should exchange the information during the simulation. The ROS, Robot Operating System is a software platform for robot software development. With ROS, each module for USV virtual prototype simulation core and USV mounted control logic can transmit and receive data using ROS network. In this study, ROS nodes for the USV virtual prototype simulation core and control logic are developed. Then, the integrated simulation is performed for mine detection scenario using ROS network. The result shows that each module transmits and receives data properly.
UG NX 기반 3D CAD 조립품 모델 단순화 시스템 개발
Development of UG NX-based simplification system for 3D CAD assembly model
3D (3-dimention) CAD(computer-aided design) 모델은 사용 목적에 따라 서로 다른 LOD(level of detail)를 갖는다. 기기 제작사는 높은 LOD 를 갖는 3D CAD 모델을 사용하는 반면에 플랜트 엔지니어링 사 및 조선사는 낮은 LOD 를 갖는 3D CAD 모델을 사용한다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서 높은 LOD 를 갖는 3D CAD 모델을 낮은 LOD 의 3D CAD 모델로 반 자동으로 단순{{br}}화하는 시스템을 개발하였다. 이 논문에서는 UG NX 기반 3D CAD 조립품 모델 단순화 시스템 프로토타입을 이용한 UG NX 조립품 모델의 단순화 실험 결과에 대해 논의한다.
선박설계지원 일관시스템의 자동 네스팅 기능
Development of nesting function in consistent system for ship design
As ship prices have fallen due to the global shipbuilding recession, shipbuilding industries need to reduce man-hour for delivery of a single hip. In particular, small and mid-sized shipyards in Korea, where human and material resources are relatively inadequate, require a design support system capable of designing high efficiency with a small man-hour.{{br}}This study suggests the implementation of the automatic nesting function section of development of a 3D model-based consistent system for ship design. First, the feature is extracted from the ship plate member, and the members included in the category are arranged after the shape simplification and grouping according to each classification. The remaining members, which are not classified as next, are classified as complicated shape members and precisely arranged by genetic algorithm. (Within 125 Words)
관상동맥용 스텐트가 심혈관 확장에 미치는 영향에 대한 수치해석적 연구.
Numerical study on the effect of the expansion of the coronary artery by coronary stents
Coronary artery stents extends to widen the blood vessels and to facilitate blood flow smoothly at the lesion region when the blood vessels of the heart are narrowed by atherosclerosis. To this end, the diameter of the lesion site should be expanded to a reference diameter using stents. In this study, to check the effect of the expansion of the coronary artery, contact simulation between arterial wall and stent was conducted. Mooney- Rivlin model was applied to express the hyperelasticity material model for numerical simulation and metallic/polymer stents were used. Finally, the structural behavior of the expansion of the coronary artery by the shape of the stents and material properties was figured out in numerical method.
화재시 이중유리 커튼월의 파단 거동 분석을 위한 실험 및 수치해석 연구
Experimental and Numerical studies on the fracture behavior of curtain wall with double glazed glass in a fire
Recently, there are many built office buildings containing curtain wall. But in this case of a skyscraper, it has many shortcomings about disasters like fire and earthquake. In the case of a fire in a curtain wall building, the time for the glass to break is one of the important factors for fire spread. Because the fire spreads to the upper floor through the broken glass. In this experiment, the fire situation was simulated using heptane as a fuel in a two-floor container structure. The size of the fire was divided into 1 MW and 2.5 MW, and the temperature in the case of free burning and sprinklers was measured at each time using a thermocouple. Two types of sprinklers were used: window head sprinkler and water head sprinkler. As a result, the water head sprinkler kept the temperature of the glass lowest. Based on the above experiment, FSI numerical analysis was carried out and it was found that the main breaking factor of the curtain wall glass was the difference of the coefficient of thermal expansion of the glass and the curtain wall frame and the effect of the fixed end.
소화수조와 배플의 형상에 따른 슬로싱 영향에 대한 수치해석연구
Numerical Analysis for the Effect of Sloshing on the Shape of Water Tank and Baffle
Sloshing is a relative movement between a partially filled liquid and a tank and phenomenon that free liquid surface is shaken in tank. Structure damage cases of tank has increased in case liquid cargo vehicle because of effect of sloshing. So to reduce effect of sloshing, numerical analysis using FEM method was performed and installing baffles that control flow of liquid in tank is studied. But Sloshing depends on many conditions such as type and fill depth of the liquid, shape of the tank, etc. Because of that, when set conditions suitable for the study and perform numerical analysis, can get proper tendency.{{br}}In this study, this uses water tank of fire trucks as analysis model. To reduce effect of sloshing happened in water tank of fire trucks, this install baffles of various geometry and compare with results. Results are compared with pressure and stress of water tank wall depending on the conditions.
점용접을 고려한 박판 조립체의 공차해석 연구
Study on the variation simulation for sheet metal assemblies considering spot welding
Welding is the most basic joining process in shipbuilding production. In welding process, the variation in compliant assemblies cannot be simply predicted by means of kinematic or geometric relationships unlike rigid part assemblies. For these reasons, Liu and Hu proposed the method of influence coefficient. This method proposed model assumed that the clamping force of the unwelded structure, {Fu}, and the clamping force of the welded structure, {Fw} are equal. But it neglected welding deformation. Also, the welding points were simply coupled and analyzed in this method. Welding is a method of joining two metal sheets using high heat, and there is a complex physical phenomenon at the same time. The welding distortion and their estimation have been studied rigorously. In this study, tolerance analysis is made possible by analyzing the deviation at the source of variation through the process of spot welding rather than the simple coupling. And it is aimed to obtain accurate analysis result by considering a structure including spot welding and enhancing credibility of interpretation.
주조 시뮬레이션에서 Implicit Incompressible SPH 의 응용
Application of Implicit Incompressible SPH in casting simulation
In computer graphics (CG), more mathematical and more physical fluid simulation has been studying substantially because it has become possible to show realistic fluid behavior due to advanced hardware.{{br}}Especially, particle-based methods such as Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) and Discrete Element Method (DEM) have been used. One of problems that SPH has is to use too small time-step to simulate incompressible fluid. Implicit Incompressible SPH (IISPH), which was proposed by IHMSEN M.(2013), has solved the problem considerably. In this paper, we apply IISPH to a real casting model and compare to Finite Difference Method (FDM), which is one of grid-based methods.
다관절 크레인의 좌우동요 저감을 위한 제어 방법에 관한 연구
Anti-sway control of knuckle boom crane on an Offshore Support Vessel
Ship - mounted cranes are widely used in transportation and installation of heavy load to the seabed. Harsh environment conditions cause the load to swing, which make offshore construction difficult and timeconsuming. {{br}}To minimize such a problem, the cranes are equipped with compensation equipment for the sway motion. So that the objection of the study is to develop the anti-sway control system for the selected cranes.{{br}}As the knuckle boom crane is a complex mechanical system, it can be modeled as a spherical pendulum attached to a three link rigid body. In this study, in order to transport a subsea manifold by the knuckle crane without risk, an anti-sway control system is designed and tested. Two proposed controllers are implemented in this work: computed torque controller and sliding mode controller, in addition, the comparative study between the uncontrolled and controlled results of the controllers were performed. As a result, simulation results included to demonstrate that the proposed control algorithm reduces the impact of the disturbance.
반도체 생산라인에서 포토장비의 Dedication 부하 밸런싱을 위한 방법론
A Methodology for Dedication Load Balancing of Photolithography Machines in Wafer FAB
This research develops dispatching rule with dedication constraints in Wafer FABs. Dedication is a feature in a modern FABs to increase the yield of products and achieve the advance of manufacturing technology. {{br}}However, the dedication has the critical problem because it causes dedication load of machines to unbalance.{{br}}In this paper, we proposes the dedication load based dispatching rule for load balancing to solve the problem.{{br}}The objective of this paper is to adjust load balancing of photo machines in wafer FABs with dedication constraint. Simulation experiments show that the proposed rule improves the performance of wafer FABs as well as load balance for dedication machines compared to other 5 dispatching rules.
반도체 공정에서 MCP(Multi-chip Package) 생산을 위한 스케쥴링 방법론
Scheduling Methodology for MCP(Multi-chip Package) Production in Semiconductor
MCP(Multi-chip Package) is a packaged product that stacks two or more chips. Since two or more chips are stacked on the same substrate, MCP with re-entrant workflow. A sequence of layer is determined according to the chip characteristic. Since conventional MCP production does not consider a layer sequence of chip, WIP increases in die attach step and throughput of package process decreases. In this paper, we propose a methodology to decrease the WIP and to increase throughput of package process considering a layer sequence of chip.
3D 스캐닝을 활용한 해양플랜트 수직형 압력용기 설치 시 Shim plate 예측
기존 조선산업에서는 생산하는 모든 구조물에 대하여 광파기를 통한 주요 지점기반 관리를 진행하였다. 이를 통해 탑재 공정에서 재 작업을 최소한으로 줄이게 됨에 따라 생산성 향상을 도모할 수 있었다. 이와 반대로 해양플랜트 건조산업에서는 대부분의 작업이 사내에서 제작된 구조물들의 조립작업이 아니라 사외에서 제작된 의장품들의 탑재가 많은 비중을 차지한다. 특정 지점을 관리하는 구조물과는 다르게 의장품들의 주요관리항목은 수직도, 수평도, 평평도 등 기하학적 형상정보를 이용한 관리를 요구한다. 그럼에도 불구하고 이전까지는 기하학적 형상을 계측하여 분석하는 방법이 존재하지 않았기 때문에 사전에 조치를 취하지 못하여 재작업을 줄일 수가 없었다. 위와 같은 어려움을 해결하고자 본 연구에서는 3D스캐닝 기술을 활용하여 의장품 중 수직형 압력용기에 초점을 맞춰 재작업을 줄일 수 있는 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 수직형 압력용기 설치에 있어서 가장 중요한 점은 압력용기의 주축이 지표면과 수직이 되어야 한다는 점이다. 압력용기를 수직을 맞췄을 경우 선체(Deck)와의 Gap이 필수불가결하게 발생하게 되고, 이를 Shim plate로 채워야 한다. 과거에는 임시로 수직형 압력용기를 탑재한 상태에서 발생된 Gap을 Try and Error로 Shim plate를 제작하여 넣었기 때문에 많은 재작업이 발생하였지만, 본 연구에서는 3D 스캐닝 계측 후 사전에 Shim plate를 예측하여 설치함으로써 1회 Crane 사용만으로 완전 설치까지 진행하여 재작업을 최소화 한 연구를 소개하고자 한다.
3 차원 스캐닝을 이용한 터빈 블레이드 모델링
Modeling of turbine blades using 3D scanning
The outer side of a turbine blade is composed of free curved surfaces, and its inside requires cooling channel, therefore it is configured with very complicated shapes and its shape continues to change variously as iron material technology and cooling technology develops. In this study, a turbine blade can be modeled by 3D scanning and its modeling data can be variously used for analysis and fabrication.
파라메트릭 CAD 시스템 간 교환을 위한 중립 시스템 TransCAD
A neutral system TransCAD for the exchange between parametric CAD systems : Status of interface implementation
상업용 CAD 시스템 간의 데이터 교환을 위해 국제 표준인 STEP (Standard for the Exchange of Product model data)이 주로 활용된다. 그러나 STEP 을 활용한 데이터 교환 시에는 송신 시스템에서의 설계 이력(design history)이 소실되어, 수신 시스템에서 파라메트릭 수정이 불가능하다. 따라서 데이터 교환 과정에서 설계 의도의 보존을 위해 설계 이력 교환을 지원하는 매크로 파{{br}}라메트릭 방법론이 제안되었다. 본 연구에서는 매크로 파라메트릭 방법론에 기반하여 개발된 중립 CAD 시스템 TransCAD 를 소개한다. 먼저 TransCAD 시스템의 구조 및 주요 모듈에 대해 소개한다. 그 다음 데이터 교환을 위해 제공하는 API (Application Programming Interface)에 대해 소개한다. 마지막으로 자체 CAD 모델링을 기능을 지원하는 스크립트 인터페이스의 개발 현황{{br}}을 소개하고, 추후 활용 방안에 대해 논의한다.
UG NX 와 타 CAD 시스템 간의 데이터 변환을 위한 TransCAD 기반 번역기 개발
Development of TransCAD based translator for the data conversion between UG NX and other CAD systems
With increasing effort of shortening time to market, collaboration between companies during product development stage has increased. In the collaboration process, neutral file formats such as STEP are used to exchange design data between companies who use different kinds of CAD system. However, the data exchange using neutral file format can only transfer read-only design shape for which it is impossible to modify and check information of design history. For this reason, extras work of regenerating design data on target CAD system is inevitable for the delivery of CAD data with design history. Inspired by this problem, macroparametric approach proposed an exchange of design history data between heterogeneous CAD systems. In this research, data exchange applying macro-parametric approach was demonstrated by utilizing neutral CAD system, TransCAD. TransCAD is a neutral CAD system that uses standard modeling command to exchange design history between CAD systems. In this research, a translator between UG NX of Siemens and TransCAD was developed for a data exchange between NX and other CAD systems. Implemented translator consists of pre-processor that converts NX data into TransCAD data and post-processor that converts TransCAD data into NX data. The translator was tested by doing experiment with several models. The problem found in the experiment and future plan of development are discussed.
TransCAD 기반 CATIA 와 이종 CAD 시스템간의 설계이력 교환
Design history exchange between CATIA and heterogeneous CAD system using TransCAD
A variety of commercial CAD systems are specialized in their purpose of use and are being widely serviced in these days, especially in the design phase of product development. It is common that different companies collaborating together use the different CAD systems, and it is the main reason for inefficiencies. It indicates the importance of exchanging data between heterogeneous CAD systems during collaborative design. {{br}}However, it is not possible to perfectly exchange design data including design history between heterogeneous CAD systems. To solve this problem, this paper presents a translator between CATIA and TransCAD. CATIA is widely adopted for the design mainly in the automobile and aerospace industry. TransCAD is a neutral CAD system that supports data exchange between heterogeneous CAD systems based on macro-parametric approach. To develop the translator, we define the mapping relationship between CATIA modeling command and TransCAD neutral modeling command. Based on the relationship, the CATIA macro file is transferred to TransCAD and is stored in neutral schema. After that, the neutral data is used to reconstruct the same model in TransCAD. Finally, the proposed translator was verified by checking the parameters and modifying the result model
파라메트릭 CAD 모델의 번역을 위한 어셈블리 명령어 정의
Definition of assembly commands for translating parametric CAD models
It is necessary to generate an assembly model consisting of several part models. A typical process of making assembly model in commercial CAD systems is to define geometric constraints among existing part models.{{br}}There are two sets of constraints. One is logical constraints such as coaxial, perpendicular, and parallel. The logical constraints can only define geometric relationships between two part models. And the second one is dimensional constraints that can define relative positions such as distance and angle. In this paper we present definitions of neutral assembly commands based on commands of commercial CAD systems and the international standard (ISO) 10303 Part 109 which is named as ‘kinematic and geometric constraints for assembly models’. Also we implemented an assembly translator in TransCAD which is developed by KAIST to support translators made by the macro-parametrics project of KAIST.
WebTransCAD : TransCAD 와 X3DOM 을 이용한 웹 기반 절차적 3D 모델의 교환
WebTransCAD : Web-based exchange of procedural 3D models using TransCAD and X3DOM
Web technology opens up capabilities for building a future computer-aided design (CAD) environment. It is becoming evident that web-based design platform is a new paradigm for product development. The environment enables product designers to communicate more effectively, obtain, and exchange a wide range of design resources during product development. Products are often developed via heterogeneous CAD systems by different enterprises. TransCAD has been developed to exchange procedural 3D CAD models between heterogeneous CAD systems based on the macro-parametrics approach (MPA). However, it has focused only on data exchange rather than design cooperation during product development. This paper introduces a web-based framework that can exchange procedural 3D CAD models among different commercial CAD systems and visualize the 3D CAD models on the web browser using TransCAD and X3DOM. To integrate both of two different techniques, server-client network environment based on script-command was also proposed and successfully constructed.
3D 프린팅 기술을 활용한 부품의 유지보수에 요구되는 분류체계의 속성 분석
Analysis of properties of a classification scheme required for the maintenance of parts using 3D printing technology
3D 프린팅 기술을 활용한 부품의 유지보수를 지원하기 위해서는 부품의 3D CAD 모델을 제공하는 라이브러리가 필요하다. 작업자가 라이브러리에서 원하는 부품을 검색하는데 부품 분류체계가 사용된다. 분류체계에는 부품 타입 목록, 부품 타입 간의 계층 관계, 부품 타입 별 속성 목록이 제공된다. 부품 타입별로 기능 속성이나 치수 속성 외에도 3D 프린팅 작업 및 제작 후 검사에 도움이 되는 속성들을 제공할 필요가 있다. 이 논문에서는 3D 프린팅 기술을 활용한 부품 제작 및 검사 관점에서 요구되는 분류체계의 속성들을 분석한 결과를 설명한다.
도로 및 하천분야 BIM 표준객체분류체계 개발방향
Development direction of BIM Standard for Object Classification in Road and River construction
This study is to grasp the current state of construction information classification system in domestic and abroad and to develop the direction of object information classification system. A construction information classification system in abroad is summarized as ISO 12006-2, Omniclass, Uniclass, and summarized as 2 business information, 7 information classification, and 3 property classification. Domestic construction information classification system is classified into seven categories such as fields, works, facilities, spaces, and elements classification, and summarized as resources (material, equipment, labor) and unit price classification. As a result of the study, based on the classification structure of domestic and overseas information classification system, object information classification system is divided into five facets and developed in cooperation with WBS, and the direction of SOC BIM classification system such as the development of the Model Object Classification system(MBS) extension under the elements classification system is suggested.
BIM기반 설계품질검토를 위한 프로세스 제안
Suggestion of BIM-based Design Quality Checking Process
BIM technology has been utilized increasingly in quantitative ways in the architecture, engineering, and construction disciplines. The purpose of this study is to suggest process of design quality checking based on BIM. The methodology of this study to achieve this purpose is as follows. (1) The authors have investigated status of automated design quality{{br}}checking system. (2) The authors have suggested an open BIM-based design quality checking process. (3) The authors developed KBim applications for supporting suggested process. This applications can assess quality of the IFC-based open BIM data. According to this process, prevent various problem which may occur in developing the automated design quality checking system. Consequently, the architects can achieve the set up goals much easier and faster through the developed automated design quality checking system.
BIM 기반 견적 활용 증대를 위한 건축공사 내역서 개선방향에 관한 연구
A Case Study on the Improving Way of BoQ to Increase BIM Based Estimation Application
As domestic application of BIM in construction industry is increasing in recent years, there is a growing demand for automation of estimations based on BIM. BIM, which is based on 3D, is easy to secure the accuracy of the quantity take-off and the amount of quantity required when the design is changed can be easily calculated by the modeling attribute. But the work items used in the BoQ could be varied by estimators or the project and there is not any information of element and space in the BoQ. Therefore, the current BoQ is not enough to use as a basis for collecting and accumulating construction costs for BIM-based estimates. In this study we consider the way to improve the BoQ organization for increasing the utilization of BIMbased estimates through analyzing the case
Visual Language 기반 파라메트릭 모델링을 활용한 BIM 실내건축 객체 속성 정보 활용 사례 연구
Application of Properties in BIM-enable Interior Objects using Parametric Modeling based on Visual Language
Building Information Modeling (BIM) became a new paradigm of AEC-FM (Architecture, engineering, construction, and facility management) and extending its field to the interior design. Since the interior design deals with much elaborate and high level of detail, there are less research and practical use compared with architecture field. To increase the feasibility of adoption of BIM in the interior design field, this paper aims to describe the way to apply the properties in BIM-enable interior objects using parametric modeling based on visual language. In this paper, Dynamo, which is the strong graphical algorithm generator and manager, is utilized as the application tool of BIM in the modeling to control the parameter. The node based graphic algorithm of the parametric properties in the BIM-enable object is visualized as the combination of visual element to identify how the process proceed and data is change. The result of the process is visualized in real-time exported as another format to detect any errors and another way to advance the project.
BIM 기반 실내동선 보행친화성 지표를 활용한 설계대안 평가 사례 연구
Demonstration of Analyzing Building Circulation between Design Alternatives using BIM-enabled Indoor Walkability Index
This paper aims to demonstrate analyzing building circulation between design alternatives using BIM-enabled indoor walkability index which have been defined as quantitative measures suggested in the previous research by the authors. Indoor Walkability Index named as IWI indicates a score to measure indoor circulation performance including following factors; distance, simplicity, accessibility and pedestrian-friendly circulation environment. This paper focused on its practical application supporting design decision making for spatial allocation or circulation planning in early design phase. For demonstration, actual buildings are taken as the test models and the indoor walkability evaluation is conducted based on the various scenarios. The demonstration results suggested that quantity-based analysis between design alternatives using BIM-enabled quantitative index enables us to get explicit and consistent results to evaluate design alternatives regarding circulation. Based on the demonstration results, BIM-enabled evaluation approach to reviewing indoor walkability will be further developed.
수도권 지하철역 인근 건물 용도별 에너지사용량 웹 기반 시각화 도구 개발
Web-Based Visualization of Energy Consumption Data near Subway Stations of Seoul According to the Building Types
In recently, research on transit oriented development (TOD) has been actively conducted in the field of urban develo {{br}}pment. TOD is urban development strategy to improve convenience and efficiency of urban life by closely linking the{{br}}region with public transportation. Because urban development is affected by various factors, integrated research approaching the way for analyzing such various information effectively and supporting tools are needed. To support{{br}}such necessity, intuitive data visualization is an effective alternative for data delivery including the context of the {{br}}information. Unlike a quantitative information, visualized information support integrated understanding of various{{br}}issues. Therefore, this paper introduces web-based visualizing application which is made by using GIS Open API. This{{br}}application shows energy consumption data near the subway station of Seoul according to building types on the map.
BIM 기반 설계업무를 위한 모델 서버 프레임워크에 관한 연구
A Framework of Information Model Server for the BIM-based design work
A vast amount of information in the BIM is generated to the subject the need for a management framework such as production, storage, transmission of information is required in need.{{br}}However, the BIM-based design works, it does not provide the smoothest possible of data required due to the problem of the compatibility of data in less efficient operation through collaboration.{{br}}This study provided a substantially BIM application environment that can efficiently make use of methods and a variety of information for establishing the information model server framework for effective information management, based on the necessity of the information model server for operating and sharing of effective data from service to have a purpose.
건축 디자인 요소를 이용한 타워형 건축물의 에너지 절감 방안
Energy Saving Plan of Tower Type Building using Architectural Design Element
The Republic of Korea has undergone rapid industrialization and urbanization. In the meantime, the development of tower type buildings including integrated apartments and high-rise buildings appeared as the main architectural form. Since these buildings consume one-third of the total energy consumption of the buildings, they need to save energy from the early stage of the building planning before the maintenance stage. Therefore, this study aims to develop a plan for energy saving of tower type buildings based on architectural design elements in early design stage.
건축문화재 유지관리를 위한 역설계 기술 개발에 관한 연구 : 3D 스캔 데이터 중심으로
A Study on the Development of Reverse Engineering for Architectural Heritage Maintenance - Focusing on 3D Scan Data
The valuable cultural heritage of human beings has recently been destroyed one after another by nature and human beings. For preserving and maintaining cultural heritage systematically as well as constructing digital data for restoration in the future, the introduction of ICT (Information Communication Technology) is regarded as important in architectural heritage maintenance. This research aims to develop sUAV&3D scanning based data extraction for reverse engineering and BIM based reverse engineering technology interlocking of 3D scan data in order to quantitative maintenance and management of the architectural heritage and systematic digital preservation. As a result, it is possible to construct an innovative architectural heritage maintenance and management system and to establish global competitiveness and leadership in the field of preservation and maintenance of architectural heritage.
하천분야의 BIM 정보모델 표준 개발 방안
A Methodology of River Facilities BIM Standards Development
As the BIM introduction into the civil engineering field expands, buildingSMART International has carried out the project to extend IFC for infrastructure. Because current IFC focuses on architecture domain and It can’t cover the infrastructure facilities. This paper suggests the extension development method of IFC-based river data model to resolve the problem caused by lack of data format for river field. This study performed by the following procedure. First, we extracted the{{br}}components of river facility. In order to extract the components, we analyzed the design criteria, WBS(Work Breakdown Structure), system and software, and standard drawings of the river and cataloged the list of components. Second, derived components are structured and defined the hierarchy for composition as entities and properties of the IFC schema. In the future, the river facilities BIM standard schema and its converter and viewer are going to be developed by the result of this research for verifying river BIM data. BIM standard based delivery and verification systems are enabled through using standard model converted by new schema for river facilities. Furthermore, it is able to establish open BIM environment by using IFC over the whole life cycle of river facilities construction project.
지능형 유도등 픽토그램 디자인 정보전달력 평가 모델 개발을 위한 선행연구.
A Preliminary Study on Development of an Evaluation Model for Information Communicability of Smart Exit Sign Systems
This is a preliminary study to develop an evaluation model for information communicability of smart exitsign systems. There have been many studies on developing technical elements for realizing the concept of smart exit-sign systems in which exit signs dynamically change their directions, reflecting the locations of fires, such as shortest path algorithms and module designs for network capability. However, even if a new evacuation route is automatically derived based on the location of a fire, it is a different matter to transmit information concerning the changed direction clearly to people in the form of a pictogram language. Therefore, virtual reality–based simulation software and an experiment process for collecting evacuation data from two subject groups are developed for measuring the degree of information communicability of the implemented smart exitsign system. Finally, we have checked the suitability of the experiment model with a number of testers and figured out that the low level of the immersive interface of the simulator needs to be improved to get more realistic simulation-test data.
일조 환경 성능 기반 최적 설계 디자인 프로세스
Daylighting Performance based Process for the Design Optimization
BIM 적용사례 활용을 위한 사례 수집 항목의 개선 방향
An Improvement Direction for Collecting BIM Project Information
This study reports an improvement direction for GlobalBIMDashboard.org, a website developed to collect, manage, and visualize BIM project information. Benchmarking similar projects is tactically important, especially for BIM projects, because BIM is new to many project participants. Small and medium-sized design firms, which do not have much data, rely heavily on web searches to acquire this type of benchmark project information. This study evaluated a BIM project collection form included in GlobalBIMDashboard.org with six industry practitioners to understand how beneficial the collected information would be to such small and medium-sized design firms. The evaluation results are as follows. (1){{br}}A continuous and sustainable cycle to identify and reflect users’ needs is critical. (2) Information or case studies related to the changes in work processes and environments due to BIM adoption are more in need than basic project information. (3) Information about collaboration level and method in BIM projects was also identified as a critical item. (4) References to BIM best practices and BIM tools were also valued as useful information.
시어핀스키 프랙탈의 물리적 특성 분석과 뼈 스캐폴드 설계에의 응용
Physical properties of Sierpinski fractal structure and bone scaffold design
The fractal structure provides mathematical interests, one of which is the Sierpinski triangular fractal structure. In this study, its structural stiffness and fluid flow property are investigated, and are applied to the artificial bone scaffold design. The study shows that the Sierpinski and Pascal triangular fractal structures can effectively be applied to artificial bone scaffold design and manufacturing, and applied to efficient design of lighter structure that can maintain its stiffness.
유방성형 수술을 위한 의료영상 3D 재건기술
외과적 수술 처치에서 자기공명영상(MRI, magnetic resonance imaging)과 컴퓨터 단층촬영 영상(CT, computed tomography)은 병변을 확인하기 위한 수단으로 이용되고 있다. 이러한 의료용 영상을 진단 뿐만 아니라 연구나 진료 및 수술에서 필요한 정보로 가공하여 시뮬레이션이 가능하도록 하는 시스템을 설계하고 구현함으로써 유방 성형 및 복원과 관련된 외과적 수술 처치 및 치료에서 선행 시뮬레이션을 통하여 처치 오류를 줄일 수 있으며 유방 복원 수술 후 환자의 만족도를 높일 수 있다. 이와 같은 필요성에 따라 기존 MRI/CT 영상으로부터 기하정보를 추출 및 3D 형상화를 통해 유방 형상 템플{{br}}릿 라이브러리를 구축하고, 3D 유방 형상을 의사의 경험적 판단에 따라 상세 설계를 가능하게 하는 편집 기능과 임상 분석 기능을 포함한 유방 복원 응용프로그램을 개발한다. 또한, 향후에 템플릿 라이브러리와 시뮬레이션 및 편집시스템 사이의 인터페이스를 통해 환자의 유방 형상과 비슷한 템플릿 모델을 추출하기 위한 유사도 분석 모듈을 개발한다. 이들 연구를 바탕으로 유방 성형 및 재건 시뮬레이션 시스템을 개발하는 것을 목표로 한다.
두개유합쌍둥이 분리 수술 사전 진단을 위한 3차원 영상 기술
3D technology for prediagnosis of Craniopagus Separation surgery
In this paper, we propose a stereoscopic viewing for prediagnosis of Craniopagus separation surgery. Surgical separation for twins conjoined heads or Craniopagus is generally desirable, but successful work is limited due to the rarity, complexity, and variability. For accurate prediagnosis, using volume display methods which shows 3-dimensional structure into 2- dimensional plane can be difficult to visualize the structure. Stereoscopic 3D increases perception of complex structures and can help setting up a plan for the separation of conjoined part or a closure of the calvarial defect. We provide both volume display and stereoscopic viewing of craniopagus for the comparison of structure details. Moreover, analysis for shared venous system can be discussed. We expect the use of stereoscopic 3D makes better understanding of anatomical structure of conjoined twins than the volume display provides.
하악골 재건을 위한 가상수술계획 및 수술 가이드 디자인 시스템
Virtual Surgical Planning and Surgical Guide Design System for Mandibular Reconstruction Surgery
In this paper, we propose a virtual surgical planning and surgical guide design system specialized to mandible reconstruction. It is challenging even for experienced surgeons to reconstruct mandible. Because of the intricate{{br}}mandibular anatomy, it is hard and takes much time to make fibular segments similar to mandibular original geometrical shape. To make a surgical plan in virtual space, existing medical CAD systems are used, but it requires much time and complex manual steps. In order to overcome these difficulties, we have developed optimized functions for mandible reconstruction surgery with userfriendly interface. The surgeon defines the cutting positions of the mandible and fibular segments using a virtual surgical planning module, and then surgical cutting guides are designed according to the plan. So as to reduce preoperation time, an automatic surgical planning function has been suggested to support surgeons to make virtual plans more accurate and easily.
3 차원 혈관 모델에서 협착 및 팽창 영역 탐색 방안
Detecting Regions of Stenosis and Aneurysm in a 3D Blood Vessel Model
혈관 질환 관련 검사는 일반적으로 혈관 조영술(angiograph), CT 혈관 조영술(CT angiography) 등 을 통해 이루어지는데, 대부분 검사자의 육안을 통한 주관적 판단에 의존하여 진단이 이루어진다. 본 논문에서는 3 차원 혈관 내벽 모델로부터 얻어진 골격 다각형(curve skeletons)과 외곽선(contours)을 활용하여 대표적 혈관질환 의심 영역인 협착과 팽창 영역의 탐색 방안을 제안한다. 기본 아이디어는 골격 다각형의 각 노드들에 대한 외곽선의 면적을 계산하고, 인접 노드들 간의 면적 차이를 통해 협착과 팽창 영역에 해당하는 노드를 탐색하는 것이다. 먼저, 혈관 모델로부터 생성된 골격 다각형을 혈관을 이루는 가지 단위로 분할한 후, 분할된 가지에 속하는 각 노드의 외곽선에 대한 면적을 계산한다. 다음으로 계산된 면적들을 활용하여 해당 가지에 대한{{br}}평균 면적, 최대/최소 면적, 인접 노드들 간의 면적 차이를 고려하여 협착과 팽창 영역을 탐색하고 이를 시각화한다. 제안된 방안을 몇 가지 3D 인체 혈관모델에 적용해 봄으로써 방안의 유용성을 보인다.
자동차 부품의 최적설계를 위한 CAD 와 CAE 의 통합 방법
Integration of CAD and CAE for the optimum design of an automotive part
본 연구에서는 자동차 부품의 최적 설계를 위한 CAD 와 CAE 통합 방법을 제안한다. 자동차 부품의 최적설계를 위해서는 CAD 모델을 생성하고 해석한 후 그 결과를 반영해 CAD 모델을 변경시켜야 한다. 그리고 다시 해석을 수행하는 과정을 최적의 결과가 나올 때까지 반복해야 한다. 이를 위해서는 CAD 와 CAE 프로그램이 서로 연계되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 과정을 자동차 부품을 대상으로 수행하였으며, CATIA 와 HyperMesh, Abaqus 를 이용해 최적화를 수행하였다. 각 프로그램은 API 를 이용해 연계하였으며, 전체 최적화 과정을 관리하는 통합프로그램을 구현하였다.
탄소복합재료 2중 진공압축성형 공정의 사전신뢰성 검증 기술연구
A Study on CAE for Dual Vacuum Compression Molding of CFRP
We reviewed dual vacuum compression molding by means of maximizing molding quality when manufacturing Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic(CFRP) application parts, and progressed mold interior floating analysis for prior reliability verification of mold design plan. We completed floating analysis by setting location of outlet for realizing vacuum status of mold interior and setting up outflow pressure as design variable, and utilized the result as basic data for development of the optimum dual vacuum compression molding.
유한요소해석을 이용한 차량용 시트 백프레임에 대한 설계
Design of the Automotive Seat Back Frame using Finite Element Analysis
The automotive seat is required to be improved in collision safety, comfort, and convenience, and the weight is continuously increasing due to an increase in mechanical and electric parts. But, in the automobile industry, studies on the light weight have been actively carried out due to the more stringent environmental regulations.{{br}}Therefore, automobile seat should be developed to be light-weight while meeting the strength. Also the strength evaluation and light weight should be done at initial design stage in order to reduce the time and cost.{{br}}The seat frame supporting the load on the automotive seat is composed of a back frame, a cushion frame, a recliner, and it is a part that needs to be lightened because it occupies most of the seat weight. In this study, the strength evaluation was performed using finite element analysis to fabricate seat back frame with CFRP (Carbon fiber reinforced plastic). Also, the stress distribution characteristics of the initially seat back frame model were confirmed using the analysis results, and a modified model of the back frame was proposed in order to the light weight.
FEM 을 이용한 디스크형 블레이드의 파라미터 분석 및 설계 최적화
Parameter Analysis and Design Optimization for the Disk-Shaped Blade Using FEM Analysis
Recently global wind power market is growing steadily and the interest of sustainable energy about wind power is increasing. The blades of wind turbine generator vary considerably lift force, drag force and moment depending on geometry. So, traditional wind turbine generator has noise and shadow problem because of its scale. To solve noise problem and shadow problem, we generate small-scale wind turbine generator. In order to proceed effectively, we conduct central composite design and analysis of means to find the effective factor and optimized structure. Based on this, we conduct 1-way fluid structure interaction for structural analysis according to pressure distribution on disk-shaped blade depending on wind force by using ABAQUS. Through this, we generate a response surface model and develop the optimized disk-shaped blade.
알루미늄 로어 컨트롤 아암(LCA)의 구조해석 및 내구성 평가
Structure Analysis and Durability Assessment of Aluminum Lower Control Arm
Recently, the use of aluminum material in car is on the increase to adapt reinforced fuel efficiency regulation and CO2 emission regulation. Lower control arm is a component that affect steering safety and ride comfort in suspension system, so it is material to review whether safety in relation to durability. {{br}}In this paper, durability performance of aluminum lower control arm is examined with fatigue analysis using vehicle load cases by Hypermesh and derived Von Mises stress. Using these results, calculate fatigue life time by strain life method. The durability assessment is revised by Neuber’s rule. And durability assessment is performed by the index of fatigue durability called the SWT (Smith-Watson-Topper) index for considering the average stress effect. This process is done by S/W Fe-safe.
단일 모듈 반사경을 이용한 태양열 집열시스템 풍하중해석에 관한 연구
A study on the Wind Load Analysis of Solar Collecting System Using Single-module Reflectors
Greenhouse gases are the cause of global warming, and most of the greenhouse gas emissions are generated in coal power{{br}}generation. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the energy paradigm is shifting rapidly from coal and fossil energy to{{br}}renewable energy, mainly in developed countries. The large dish-type collecting system that is currently being {{br}}commercialized is designed in a form using reflectors of different shapes. A collecting system using a large reflector has{{br}}many drawbacks such as manufacturing cost, weight, and maintenance. Accordingly, a collecting system was designed{{br}}using a spherical mirror of a single module. In addition, since the solar heat collection system is exposed to the external{{br}}environment, it is subjected to various influences such as pressure drop due to wind drag and eddy current, seismic load,{{br}}and torsional load. Therefore, in this paper, the structural analysis is carried out based on the 3D-modeling based on the{{br}}design plan for the stability verification of the collection system when the drag due to wind acts.
CAD 프로그램을 활용한 시험발사체 시스템 하니스 설계 개념
The Design Concept of System Harness for Test Launch Vehicle Using CAD Program
KARI (Korea Aerospace Research Institute) had developed the KSLV-I (Korea Space Launch Vehicle-I, Naro Space Vehicle) and successfully launched on 30th January 2013. After this program KARI initiated greater launch vehicle program named as KSLV-II (Korea Space Launch Vehicle-II). To verifying the newly developed engine system for KSLV-II, the TLV (Test Launch Vehicle) program had been launched for years. {{br}}The design concept of system harness for TLV was adopted by the development process for KSLV-I system harness with the digital mock-up using by 3D CAD modeling. This design concept could reduce the total development time and the system harness re-work time to improve the schedule management system of the TLV. In this paper, we discuss about the design concept of TLV system harness and the effect therein using 3D CAD tool.
플랜트 모듈 구조물 지지대 설계를 위한 해석 응용 소프트웨어 설계 방안 연구
Research on Analysis Application Software Design for Plant Module Structure Support Engineering
플랜트 모듈 구조물 지지대 설계를 위해 가장 기본적인 절차라 할 수 있는 구조해석 및 설계 절차를 설계자를 위해 보다 간편하게 설계할 수 있고, 설계 최적화를 할 수 있는 설계 지원 소프트웨어를 설계하였다. 본 소프트웨어는 기존 상용 구조 솔버기반에서 응용 소프트웨어를 구현하는 방안과, 다양하고 다수의 파라미터 스터디를 통해 도출된 회귀식을 기반으로 개발하는 방안을 도출하였다. 본 소프트웨어를 사용하여 설계자의 단순 반복 업무를 통해 사용되는 시간을 감소시켜줌으로써 설계 업무 효율과 품질 향상에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.
PLC와 HMI 주소 맵핑 오류 검증 방법
method of verification for PLC and HMI address mapping errors
In this study, we study mapping error detection method in the process of linking HMI to control PLC efficiently. Since industrial plants use various PLCs, professional engineers rely on empirical interworking to analyze PLC, judge and connect to HMI. Therefore, a lot of mapping errors are caused by the error of the engineer. This study proposes a mapping error detection scheme through stream comparison by constructing the module information of the PLC in the program using the program and the tag name information of the HMI.
자동차 승차와 하차의 분류
Vehicle Ingress and Egress Classification
Human factors design has been spotlighted in the vehicle industry and thereby, much research has been conducted on ingress and egress. However, ingress and egress are not classified with specific criteria. Therefore, in this paper, ingress and egress are individually divided based on the information of force plate and joints. In addition, the motion of ingress and egress is captured 500 times by optical motion capture system. The start of ingress is defined as the moment when the force plate is pressured for the first time by the foot. Likewise, the end of egress is defined as the moment when the force plate is pressured for the last time by the foot. The information of joints contributes to the definition of the end of ingress and the start of egress. Angle and speed of 18 joints are computed. First off, an example datum is classified manually. Secondly, the optimal joint, which represents ingress end time and egress start time based on the manual classification, is chosen. Thirdly, 10 randomly selected cases are tested by the reference joint. Finally, the angle of left knee is chosen to be the standard to decide the ingress end time and the egress start time. The result is expected to contribute to vehicle ergonomics design research.
Kinect 와 IMU 센서를 이용한 작업자세 평가
Work Posture Analysis using Kinect and IMU Sensors
현재 다양한 산업 직종에서 근골격계 질환(Musculoskeletal Disorders; MSDs) 예방하기 위해 인간공학적 작업자세 평가가 이루어지며, 평가를 위해서는 작업자의 작업자세를 측정하여야 한다. 작업자의 자세를 측정하기 위해 영상 촬영 장비 또는 동작 측정 장비를 주로 이용한다. 하지만 영상 촬영 장비 기반 방법은 분석 시간이 오래 걸리며 분석 정확도가 낮고, 해박한 인간공학 지식이 갖춘 전문가가 요구된다. 동작 측정 장비 기반 방법은 고가의 장비가 요구되고, 구축 공간을 많이 차지한다. 본 연구에서는 위와 같은 문제를 해결하기 위해 Kinect 와 IMU(Inertial Measurement Unit) 센서를 이용하여 작업자의 작업자세를 측정 및 평가하는 방안을 제안한다. 제안된 방안에서 Kinect 를 통해 작업자의 신체 골격 정보를 측정하고, Kinect 만으로 측정하기 어려운 머리와 손목의 회전에 대해서는 IMU 센서를 접목하여 측정한다. 그리고, 측정된 작업자의 신체 골격 정보들에 대해 인간공학적 작업자세 평가 기법인 REBA(Rapid Entire Body Assessment)를 적용하여 작업자세에 대한 부하 정도를 분석/평가한다. 간단한 사례를 통해 제안된 방안의 유용성을 보인다.
안드로이드를 위한 C3D 파일 뷰어 시스템 개발
Development of C3D File Viewer for Android
Today, the age of mobile revolution comes with the rapid growth of information communication and technology applications which use mobile systems. It is changing in universal form as well as the mobile contents are changing from 2D to 3D. Many digital contents and mobile enterprises have tried to develop the 3D engine for mobility to express 3D effectively.{{br}}The Motion Capture technology is a filed received much attention in technologies of an expression computer graphic animation. In this paper, We propose the development concept of a C3D mobile Viewer based on OpenGL ES(OpenGL for Embedded System).
공간에 따른 조명 자동 배치 기술 개발
Luminaire arrangement design adaptable for space
We introduce a tool for convenient lighting design which enables naive users to choose luminaires and arrange them for the target space appropriately. We illustrate the previous general lighting design process which includes a series of process like choosing lighting profile, optics design and lighting space design. And then we introduce a new method to integrate these processes in a single tool. With this tool, users are able to check the simulation results using a user-defined light distribution profile and space interactively. This tool will be used to predict the light energy saving and remodeling cost for a given space.
양육부모들을 위한 육아관련 시설정보 제공 어플리케이션
Infant Care Information Service Application for Parents
As we enter the era of low growth and low fertility, the difficulty in raising childcare continues to grow.{{br}}Therefore, in order to reduce the burden on childcare and to encourage childbirth, it is necessary to analyze the childcare facilities and solve problems. The purpose of this study is to provide information on location-based childcare facilities to nursing parents, to reduce the stress and burden of nursing, to analyze areas of administrative units, there is. The scope of the study is as follows. The method of study is to construct spatial data of the location and size of childcare related facilities and detailed industry by using 'data on each type of permit and permit' provided by the government. And the level of supply of childcare facilities by administrative districts was evaluated. For the nursing parents, the position and information service of the nursing facility analyzed based on the location was constructed. This means that it is possible to provide a variety of information in a convenient way for the elderly to carry out on behalf of the child's child care. This study can encourage childbirth by reducing parental burden of caregiving parents, and can provide policy implications for the spread of childcare facilities.
딜러니 개선 알고리듬을 이용한 삼차원 보로노이 곡면의 삼각화
Triangulating 3D Voronoi Faces by Delaunay Refinement Algorithm
Delaunay refinement algorithm is a well-known method to generate quality triangular meshes when point cloud and/or{{br}}constrained edges are given in two- or three-dimensional space, which computes Delaunay triangulation for given points{{br}}and constrained edges as an initial solution, and add a steiner point and update triangulation to make a better one. This{{br}}process repeats until satisfying given quality criteria. The efficiency of the algorithm depends on the criteria and point{{br}}insertion method. In this paper, we present a method to apply it to generate a quality triangular mesh for Voronoi faces of a Euclidean Voronoi diagram for spheres. Also we present a few methods to accelerate the algorithm and compare them by{{br}}experimental results.
3D 스캐너를 통한 야지 노면 거칠기 평가
Evaluation of Roughness on Cross-Country Road using 3D Scanner
A high-resolution 3D scanner is a useful tool to digitalize a cross-country road surface. A typical scanner for obtaining the road surface is using the TOF (Time of Flight) technique and is scanning every surface within the range of the scanner. After obtaining point clouds on every surface, many steps are required for making the final STL (Standard Tessellation Language) file from the raw point clouds. The final STL file can be used for investigating vehicle dynamics numerically or for evaluating the roughness of the road surface. In particular, the PSD (Power Spectral Density) value can be calculated to evaluate the quality of a crosscountry road surface for vehicle performance tests. During some steps for post-processing the point clouds such as data editing and mesh optimization, however, the roughness of the road surface decreases due to many interpolations between selected points. In this paper, two road profiles were obtained from the point clouds and the final STL file and their PSD values were also compared with each other to quantify the roughness change in the post-process.
UGV 운용성 M&S 의 시뮬레이션 프레임워크 설계
Design of UGV Operability Simulation Framework
Unmanned ground vehicles(UGVs) will be increasingly applied to the various military operations. These UGVs are most commonly characterized as dealing with “4D” task – dull, dirty, dangerous and difficult with their automations. Although most of the UGVs are designed to a high degree of autonomy, the human operator will still intervene in the robots operation, and tele-operate them to achieve his or her mission. Thus, operator capacity, together with robot autonomy and user interface, is one of the most important design factors in the research and development of the UGVs. In this paper, we explain the design of the UGV operability simulation framework for the operability M&S in order to test the operator workload and mission effectiveness within the context of the robot autonomy and the UGV user interface.
광부품 연마가공에서 가공면 예측모델 개발
Construction of a Prediction Model of Machined Surface in Grinding Process for Optical Parts
Ceramic materials offer some excellent properties including high stiffness, high toughness and low thermal distortion advantages. These characteristics make ceramics very useful for a variety of applications in precision optical parts. This study has been focused on a prediction model construction of surface quality of ceramic in grinding process. It proposes an efficient method to estimate the surface quality of hard materials. The method used is based on an approximation of the Hausdorff distance, which has been appropriately performed in order to reduce unnecessary computations and memory{{br}}usage. The proposed prediction model is verified experimentally under a wide range of machining conditions. The surface quality of ceramic determined by the experiments showed good agreement with the surface quality determined using the prediction model. The results of this study can be applied to similar type of material removal process.
Carbon Chip 유형의 CFRP 응용부품 제조를 위한 성형제품 형상설계 인자 연구
A Study on Shape design factor for Manufacturing product made by CFRP of Carbon Chip type
Recently, the needs of weight reduction by using lightweight materials have been increased for carbon dioxide emission curbs and efficient fuel consumption. Many researches have been consistently performed to reduce weight in transportation industry. Especially, carbon fiber reinforced plastics(CFRP) attract attention as efficient weight-reduction material. In order to efficient manufacture the parts using this method, it is important to have an accurate understanding of the characteristics of the composite material and design method, and to derive important design factors to be considered in designing. In this study, the design requirements and material characteristics, i.e., discontinuous carbon fibe, were considered to derive the shape factors in CFRPFRT Control Arm design.
도로터널 내부 인명구조용 궤도 차량 안정성 검증 사례
The Case Study of a Stability Verification of EMM Vehicle Operated in Road Tunnel
Recently, accidents in road tunnels are increasing. We developed a vehicle for rescue in an emergency such as an accident inside a road tunnel. The stability of the road tunnel emergency rescue vehicle was confirmed by 10,000 repeated tests. It operated within the range of power load 153A, noise 88dB (A) and vibration within 5mm under the condition of vehicle speed 22.0 ~ 23.4km / h.
견인형 브러쉬 타입 도로터널 벽면 청소 모듈 개발 사례
The Case Study of Tow-Brush Type Road Tunnel Wall Cleaning Module
Since pollutants such as vehicle exhaust gas are continuously generated, the inside of the road tunnel is a very poor working environment for the operator. In order to overcome such a working environment, a tow-brush type wall cleaning module operated inside the road tunnel was developed.{{br}}The tow-brushed wall cleaning module provides an improved working environment. And, it had ability to remove 10% of wall surface pollutants by one operation.
확장 칼만 필터와 RSSI 를 이용한 무선 블록의 3 차원 위치 계산
3D Positioning of a wireless motion block using EKF and RSSI
As the inertial measurement units(IMUs) contain errors, it is impossible to calculate accurately 3D position using only IMU for a long time. This paper suggests a new method for calculating the 3D position and the orientation of a wireless IMU using Zigbee module and a 9 axis IMU. To compensate errors in the IMU, The Zero Velocity Update, the Extended Kalman Filter, and to compensate 3D position, Triangulation using Radio Signal Strength Indentation of Zigbee were used. This method will eliminate time variant integral errors, and make 3D position calculation more stable.
스마트 공장에서 설비 정보의 교환을 위한 IEC 62541 표준 분석
Analysis of IEC 62541 to exchange facility information in a smart factory
스마트 공장의 실현을 위해서는 공장을 구성하는 여러 설비들간에 그리고 설비와 MES 및 ERP 등의 기간 시스템간에 효과적인 정보의 교환이 필요하다. 설비 정보의 교환을 위해서는 설비 정보의 구조화, 제공 서버의 탐색 및 접근, 정보 보안, 및 강건한 통신 체계의 제공이 요구된다. 이와 관련된 국제 표준으로 IEC 62541 OPC UA (Unified Architecture)가 있다. 이 논문에서는 IEC 62541 표준에 관해서 분석하고 산업 데이터 표준과의 연계 방안에 대해서 살펴본다.
식재로봇 시스템 개발을 위한 동역학 해석 및 시뮬레이션 분석
Development of the Planting Robot System using Dynamic and Simulation analysis
The main core drive module of a robotic system capable of planting in a radioactive area consists of a planting robotic arm and an automatic feeding plant. In this study, the design stability of the main core drive modules of the robot system is verified through dynamic analysis and robot simulation analysis, and the efficiency of planting work is analyzed in advance.
Metal Pleat Filter Making Machine 동역학 해석 및 시뮬레이션 분석
Development of the Metal Pleat Filter Making Machine using Dynamic and Simulation analysis
Dynamics analysis is performed to select the major factors on load variation of UPPER/LOWER KNIFE SYSTEM. There are four core driving module in consist of Metal Pleat Filter Making Machine. In this work , We will consider to the motor specification consist of Upper Knife System. Assumed that Upper Knife's maximum velocity is 30mm/sec, conduct the Dynamic and Simulation analysis.
실시간 스마트카드 자료를 이용한 서울시 대중교통 효율성 분석 및 평가를 위한 인터페이스 구현
Implementation of an interface for analyzing and evaluating public transportation efficiency in Seoul based on real-time smart card data
In this study, we implemented an application that provides information on traffic time and number of passengers by time using smart card data which is public transportation traffic behavior data. This application uses a database built by using smart card data as main data, and consists of a origin and destination selection area and an information providing area. The two areas consist of detailed modules that make up each area. The origin and destination selection areas are composed of two modules, and the information providing area is composed of three modules. Also, we describe the operation of the application implemented in this study and examine its usefulness through a case study.
한국형발사체 개발사업에 형상 관리 적용 사례
Appling Configuration Management to Korea Space Launch Vehicle Development Program
For the launch vehicle development we need to cooperation with a lot of stakeholders. KSLV(Korea Space Launch Vehicle) program knowledge portal was developed by KARI(Korea Aerospace Research Institute) to efficient cooperation with stakeholders. This portal is including document management and CAD model management function. In this paper deal with the configuration management among CAD model management function. In the process of working with multiple stakeholders, we need to share the CAD model and share the latest design information. Through this knowledge portal, the members sharing the same standard configuration so that there is no distortion of the configuration, and after the design is fixed, the design change process is controlled.
비정형 텍스트의 의미론적 분석 및 잠재적 의미분석을 통한 제품 특징 기반 텍스트 처리 방법론
A Methodology of Text Processing based on Product Feature Using Sentiment Analysis and Latent Semantic Analysis of Unstructured Text
When engineers design the product, information about customer's opinion on each product is needed. But the information about their preference of each specific feature is more important.{{br}}Also, when customers choose products, it is important to analyze which feature and what level of performance they prefer. But, it is very difficult because the product reviews is unstructured text and there is the Latent semantic information in the unstructured text.{{br}}So, In this thesis, we propose a Methodology of Text processing based on Product feature Using Sentiment analysis and Latent Semantic Analysis of Unstructured text.
엔지니어링 데이터 통합 관리 프레임워크를 통한 시맨틱 참조 모델 생성 기법에 대한 연구
Study on Semantic Reference Model Generation Methodology for Engineering Data Integrated Management Framework
Defense system is system of systems that is composed of complicated hardware and software. And defense R&D{{br}}project is performed by regionally dispersed and hierarchically complex organizations. The OWS-R process which is a{{br}}systematic approach that can enable elaborate design process under complicated project environment was introduced. Based on OWS-R process model, SE-PM-PDM integrated data schema that can integrate systems engineering, project management and product data management was developed. And the web-based engineering data integrated management framework (so-called E-DIMF) that realizes OWS-R process model by the generalization of data schema was developed. E-DIMF can accumulate great amount of useful data for specific engineering domain. And the utilization of such engineering domain specific data can be highly emphasized. That means that semantic processing function for E-DIMF will be needed for the reuse of domain specific knowledge. We propose semantic reference model generation methodology for E-DIMF. Semantic reference model for specific SE-PM-PDM data schema is implemented and generalized semantic reference model for the E-DIMF is introduced. This research is the first step toward the implementation of semantic processing function for E-DIMF.
공정 플랜트 산업의 유지보수 데이터 표현을 위한 ISO 표준의 정보 자원
Information resources for the representation of maintenance data in the process plant industry
공정 플랜트 산업은 다수의 이해관계자가 참여하므로 상호 조직간에 데이터를 적시에 공유하는 것이 중요하다. ISO 15926 국제 표준은 플랜트 생애주기 데이터의 공유와 통합을 위한 정보자원을 제공한다. 플랜트 운전 및 유지보수 단계에서는 가동 중인 플랜트의 구성 기자재에 대해서 상태 점검, 현장 보수, 및 교체 등의 유지보수 업무가 수행된다. 이 논문에서는 플랜트 유{{br}}지보수 데이터를 표현할 때 사용되는 정보 패턴을 분석한 후 각 패턴의 표현에 적용이 가능한 ISO 15926 표준의 정보 자원에 대해서 제안한다.
엔지니어링 요구사항 기반 초기 설계 지원 시스템
Initial design support system based on engineering requirements
Tire manufacturing companies review hundreds of request for quotation (RFQ) in each year in order for tire sourcing. Key of RFQ review stage is to provide attainability of engineering requirements using objective data with car makers. In recent years, many RFQ review tasks are concentrated on a specific period, and deadline for RFQ review is getting shorter. Thus, effective RFQ review is required within a short time. In this paper, we proposed an initial design support system for RFQ review. Main functionalities of the system are as follows. First, statistical analysis for existing design and test data. Second, performance prediction based on Big Data analysis and FE Simulation. Finally, management of engineering requirements. We observed that more than 20% of RFQ review time can be reduced using the proposed system.
플랜트 기자재의 스캐닝 점군 데이터와 3D CAD 모델 간의 정도 분석
Accuracy analysis between scanned point cloud data and 3D CAD model of plant’s equipment and materials
플랜트의 시공과정에서 각종 기자재가 설계에 맞게 제작 및 설치가 되었는지 확인하는 것은 중요하다. 과거에는 제작된 플랜트 상에 미리 정해진 지점에 레이저 광파기를 이용해 측정하고, 이 위치를 설계 상의 위치와 비교하여 정도를 분석하였다. 그러나 최근에는 레이저 스캐너의 정확도가 높아지고 측정 범위도 넓어져 이를 이용한 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 이러한{{br}}연구의 일환으로, 본 연구에서는 플랜트 기자재의 제작 오차를 분석하기 위해, 레이저 스캐너를 이용해 수집한 점군 데이터와 3D CAD 모델 간의 정도를 기존에 개발된 알고리즘을 활용하여 분석하는 방법을 제안한다.
레이저 스캔 점군 데이터로부터 플랜트 3D CAD 모델을 생성하는 역설계 기능 요구사항
Function requirements of reverse design to generate a plant 3D CAD model from point cloud data
노후 플랜트의 경우, 설계 당시의 도면과 현재의 상태가 상이하고, 플랜트 3D CAD 모델의 부재로 인해, 소유주 및 운영자가 플랜트의 운전 및 유지보수 과정에서 많은 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이 문제의 해결 방안으로 대상 플랜트를 레이저 스캐닝을 하여 획득된 점군 데이터를 이용하여 역설계를 수행하여 플랜트 3D CAD 모델을 생성하여 운전 및 유지보수 업무에 활용하는 방법이 있다. 이 논문에서는 플랜트 3D CAD 시스템 상에서 플러그인 타입으로 실행되는 역설계 모듈이 제공해야 하는 기능들의 요구사항을 분석한 결과를 설명한다.
고속이송 로봇 부가축의 동적 거동 해석 및 신뢰성평가에 관한 연구
A study on dynamic behavior analysis and reliability evaluation of high-speed transfer robot additional axis
The robot's high-speed transfer additional axis play an important role in processes that require shorter transfer times, such as hot-stamping press processes. In this study, it is our goal to perform dynamics behavior analysis and simulation analysis for high-speed transfer robot additional axis. In addition, field test is conducted on prototype of high-speed transfer robot additional axis to compare the major performance with the overseas product to secure the reliability of the developed product.
소프트 모핑 가오리 모사 추진체의 설계 및 제작
Design and fabrication of soft morphing biomimetic ray propulsor
Soft morphing propulsor which mimicked the Butterfly ray [Gymnura micrura] was designed and fabricated. The propulsor is capable of actuate its pectoral fins with undulating motion along the soft skin. As a source of the actuation, shape memory alloy has been used. The whole body was made using soft polymers. With the fabricated propulsor, thrust experiment on how the undulating motion effects the swimming efficiency. For comparison, two types of propulsors: undulating version and undulating controlled version were fabricated. Experiments in various fin beat frequency were conducted, and thrust was measured for each experiment. Using the results, coefficient of thrust, power and propulsive efficiency were computed
지능형 연성 복합재 구조를 활용한 예쁜꼬마선충 로봇
C. Elegans-inspired Crawling Robot Using Smart Soft Composite Structures
The locomotion of C. Elegans was developed with SSC(Smart Soft Composite) structures.{{br}}The SSC structures were designed to show bending movements in order to mimic the smooth locomotion of actual C. Elegans. The structures of muscles of C. Elegans consist of 4 parts: upper left, upper right, lower left, and lower right muscle stripes. These muscle structures were simplified into 2 main muscle stripes, each of them consisting of 6 shape memory alloy. To evaluate the amount of bending on each segments, unit module was designed and experimented, which was finally integrated into one robot. The current signals on each module was designed to make the robot move in sinusoidal waves. The ratio of the wavelength to amplitude was 30:1 for the final continuous sinusoidal waves of the C. Elegans robot. Additional components were used to make the robot move forward.
공학 모델 기반 함정의 교전 시뮬레이션 방법 연구
Engagement simulation based on the engineering model of naval ship
Since the design and construction of naval ships take a very long time and incurs a huge cost, Modeling and Simulation (M & S) is an effective method in various steps to design and construct naval ships. M&S in naval applications has been classified hierarchically according to its level of detail or representation. Out of the classifications, this study focused on the engineering and engagement level. The engineering level analyzes the performance of naval ships. And, the engagement level evaluates the effectiveness of naval ships in engagement scenarios. In this study, a simulation core is proposed to do the engineering and engagement level interactively. This simulation core considers the maneuvering and detection performance of naval ships with engineering models of the simulation core representing the maneuvering equations and the sonar equations. The simulation core also considers engagement scenarios with DEVS & DTSS models{{br}}of the simulation core representing Discrete EVent system Specification (DEVS) and Discrete Time System Specification (DTSS) formalisms. Also, these system specification formalisms make the models of this simulation core reusable and flexible. To verify the applicability, such a simulation core was applied to various engagement scenarios considering the maneuvering and detection performance of naval ships.
함정의 배치 설계를 위한 성능 평가 방법 연구
A Study on the Ship Performance Evaluation Method for a Compartment arrangement design of a Naval Ship
At the time when compartment arrangement design of a naval ship being conducted in the early design stage, many requirements such as stability, adjacency between each compartment, and survivability have to be considered simultaneously. Namely, compartment design has to meet the intact and damage stability criteria which are provided by the navy and maximize the ship operability (such as compartment adjacency) and ship survivability.{{br}}Therefore, we need an efficient evaluation method in order to derive a better compartment arrangement. Thus, a ship performance evaluation method for the arrangement design of a naval ship is proposed in this study. This study includes an evaluation method considering multi-performance such as stability, operability, and survivability. For this, the arrangement design program for the naval surface ship has been made and applied to 7000-ton class destroyer
최종 자세 예측을 위한 함정의 침수 해석 방법 연구
Flooding analysis method for equilibrium state prediction of a naval ship
When a floater such as ships and offshore platforms is damaged on the sea, it is necessary to predict the motion of the floater and whether the floater is to sink or not. If the floater is to sink, the time to sink should be estimated. Until now, lots of related researches have been conducted to estimate the time through the flooding simulation. However, most of them are quasi-static methods and they did not consider ocean environmental loads such as waves, currents, and winds. And, they also did not consider cargo loads such as oil spill and solid cargo. Therefore, a dynamic method for the flooding analysis of the damaged floater considering ocean environmental loads and cargo loads are proposed in this study.
빙-구조 충돌 시험 장치 개발을 위한 개념 설계
Conceptual design for development of ice impact test apparatus
In this study, the conceptual design of experimental equipment to measure the response of ice structures and structures through collision experiments of ice structures is studied. The conceptual design of the experimental equipment was carried out from the collision behavior of the ice and steel materials presented in the 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆2 project. Through the static structural analysis and the modal analysis, the safety and impact characteristics of the experimental equipment frame structure, ice, and various structural members, which are the main components of the collision test apparatus, were examined. This study presents the design of the ice - structure collision experiment device based on the collision test in which the weight of 100 kg impacts at 2 m/s.
웹기반 선박 선실의장공장 생산관리 시스템 개발
Development of Web based Production Management System for Ship Deckhouse Outfitting
선실의장 공사는 다수의 공종으로 세분화 되고 상호 복합, 병렬적으로 진행되므로 작업 공간에 동시, 다발적 기능공 투입이 불가피 하다. 때문에 선, 후행 공정의 유기적인 연계를 위해서 구체적이고 세심한 공정계획 수립 및 관리와 작업정보 및 인력관리에 대한 효율적인 관리 체계가 요구된다. 이를 위해서 일일 업무수행 절차에 대한 조사 와 분석을 통해 단위작업의 표준화가 필요하다. 또한 이를 효율적으로 실행하기 위해서는 현장 특성을 고려한 객관적이고 직관적인 기초자료 의 수집 및 입력 관리 시스템이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 현장에서 획득 및 활용성의 제한요소를 고려하여 웹 환경에서의 현장 사용자 편의성 제고를 위한 인터페이스 적용과 함께 스캔 도면 기반 작업정보와 연계 된 데이터베이스를 구축된 생산관리 시스템을 구축하였다. 이로 인해 작업정보 수집 또는 입력 과정에서 정보 발생자와 관리자 사이에서 발생 되는 의사소통의 오류와 누락을 최소화 하여 객관성과 직관성을 보장하고 정보의 신뢰 성을 향상시켰으며 자료 분석과 관리에 투입되는 공수 최소화에 기여하였다.
LiDAR 와 IMU 를 이용한 3D 파이프라인 포인트 클라우드의 효율적인 취득과 조립
Efficient Acquisition and Assembling of 3D Pipeline Point Cloud Using LiDAR and IMU
The laser scanners based 3D point clouds acquisition approach are nowadays very wellknown in terms of reliability, accuracy, and flexibility, but there is still a lack of low-cost and time efficient solutions for acquiring detailed point clouds of typical geometric shapes such as cylinders, spheres etc. This paper presents a low-cost laser scanning mechanism for acquisition of point cloud data of the pipeline model with a 2D laser scanner and 6DOF IMU follows by necessary preprocessing of point cloud data. In this scanning mechanism, 2D laser scanner is integrated with an IMU sensor for the generation of georeferenced 3D point clouds. Furthermore, Pre-processing of generating 3D point clouds is performed to enhance the accuracy of the point cloud. The accuracy and the precision of the system are evaluated through the measurement of cylinder geometries using the point clouds generated by the system.
자유 곡면 프로젝션 맵핑
Projection Mapping for Free-form Surfaces
In this paper, we suggest a method for projection mapping to three dimensional surfaces. This approach is able to project image to three dimensional object accurately. The method consists of four steps: Scanning, registration, surface fitting and projection mapping. Firstly, for the scanning we use structure light scanning approach. After three dimensional data is acquired, registration process is implemented and then multilevel b-spline surface fitting is used for filling hole of point clouds. Finally, projection mapping is implemented using extrinsic and intrinsic parameters produced by camera and projector calibration. By using multilevel bsplines surface fitting, problem of structure light is overcome considerably. Furthermore, projection mapping results are considerably accurate because of result of accurate calibration acquired from structure light scanning process.
입력방식이 제한된 모바일 VR 상에서 가상객체 조작에 관한 연구
A Study on Virtual Object Manipulation in Mobile VR with Limited Input Interface
본 논문에서는 모바일 HMD를 이용한 가상현실에서 가상의 객체를 조작할 수 있는 방법을 제시하고 비교평가한다. 이를 위한 상호작용은 3가지 방법으로 구분된다. 물체 주변에 버튼을 생성하여 상호작용하는 ‘메뉴 방식’과 가속도 센서를 통해 획득한 머리의 움직임에 대한 정보를 이용하여 객체의 이동과 회전을 따로 조작하는 ‘제스처 기반 단일 조작 방식’, 위와 같은 방법으로 객체의 이동과 회전을 동시에 조작하는 ‘제스처 기반 다중 조작 방식’으로 분류한다. 그리고 본 논문에서는 제안한 방법들을 비교 평가하기 위해 정량적, 정성적 평가를 통해 각 방식에 대한 사용성 및 효율성을 평가한다.
증강현실 환경에서 적외선 센서를 이용한 하이브리드 추적 방안
Hybrid Tracking using IR Sensors in AR Environments
증강현실(augmented reality; AR) 시스템에서는 사용자에게 몰입감을 제공하기 위해 가상(virtual) 객체와 연계된 물리적(physical) 객체의 정확한 추적 및 정합 기술이 요구된다. 기존 연구에서는 물리적 객체의 정확한 위치/자세를 추적하기 위해 영상정보를 활용한 비전(vision) 기술과 물리적 측정값들을 활용한 센서 기술이 활용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 적외선 (infrared; IR) LED 점들로 구성된 IR 마커와 IR 카메라를 이용한 추적을 제안하고, RGB 카메라를 이용한 사각 마커 추적과 접목한 하이브리드 추적 방안을 제안한다. 이를 위해 간단한 도형을 이루는 적외선 LED 점들로 구성된 IR 마커의 특징점들을 IR 카메라 영상으로부터 검출하고, 두 카메라(RGB와 IR) 좌표계 간의 변환 관계를 이용하여 RGB 카메라에서 IR 마커의 위치/자세를 파악하는{{br}}방안을 소개한다. 그런 다음, 사각 마커 추적과 병행하여 하이브리드 추적 방안을 실현한다. 간단한 실험을 통해 제안된 추적 방안의 강건성과 유용성을 보인다.
Unity 와 Leap Motion 을 이용한 악보 학습용 3D 가상 콘텐츠
3D Virtual Contents for Sheet Music Training using Unity and Leap Motion
본 논문에서는 Unity 와 Leap Motion 을 이용한 악보 학습용 게임형 3D 가상 콘텐츠를 제안한다. 제안된 콘텐츠에서는 학습을 위해 주어진 악보 소절의 이미지와 함께 음(계이름)을 나타내는 3D 물고기들이 등장한다. 사용자는 악보 소절에 대한 선율을 듣고, Leap Motion 을 통해 사용자 손과 연동되는 3D 손 모델을 이용하여 악보 소절의 음에 해당하는 3D 물고기를 순차적으로 찾아 접촉한다. 3D 물고기는 3D 손 모델에 접촉되면 자신의 음을 소리 내고, 주어진 계이름과 비교하여 이원적으로 행동한다. 정해진 시간 내에 사용자가 악보 소절의 음에 해당하는 3D 물고기들과의 접촉을 순차적으로 마치면, 악보 소절에 해당하는 선율이 나오며 임무가 완수된다. 체험 시간과 물고기의 민첩성 정도에 따라 게임의 난이도를 제어할 수 있다. Unity 를 통해 물고기의 간단한 행동양태를 표현하여 3D 물고기가 3D 손 모델의 움직임에 따라 반응하도록 하였다. 제안된 방안을 토대로 아동을 대상으로 하는 초보적인 악보 학습용 3D 가상 콘텐츠를 구축하고 있는 중이다. 제안된 콘텐츠는 손 움직임을 이용한 물고기와 상호작용을 통해 악보 학습을 하게 함으로써 콘텐츠에 대한 몰입감과 흥미를 향상시킬 것으로 사료된다.
립모션과 증강현실 기술을 이용한 손 움직임과 인지활동 촉진용 3D 가상 콘텐츠
3D Virtual Contents for Improving Hand Movement and Cognitive Activity using Leap Motion and Augmented Reality
본 논문에서는 립모션(Leap Motion)과 증강현실 기술을 이용하여 손 움직임(hand movement)과 인지활동(cognitive activity)을 촉진시키는 게임형 3D 가상 콘텐츠를 제안한다. 제안된 콘텐츠를 통해 사용자는 증강현실 환경에서 팔과 손을 움직여 가상객체의 이동과 선택을 반복함으로써 손 운동과 인지활동(기억, 수리, 논리)을 촉진시키고자 한다. 이를 위해 카메라 근처에 Leap Motion 을 부착하고, 카메라와 Leap Motion 간의 기하학적 관계를 명시한 다음, Leap Motion 으로 부터 얻어진 손 골격 정보를 실제 영상에서 추출한 손 정보와 연동시키고, 손의 움직임을 통해 가상객체와 상호작용을 하는 방안을 제시한다. 아울러, 증강현실에서 발생하는 손 가림 문제의 해결을 통해 상호작용 과정 동안 자연스러운 시각화를 제공하는 방안을 제시한다. 제안된 방안은 손을 이용한 자연스러운 상호작용과 손 가림이 없는 시각화를 통해 가상 콘텐츠에 대한 몰입감과 사실감을 향상시키리라 기대한다. 현재 제안된 3D 가상 콘텐츠를 구현하여 유용성을 검증 중에 있으며, 향후 게임형 인지훈련 시스템으로 발전시킬 예정이다.
몰입형 가상현실 상호작용을 위한 휴먼 인터페이스 연구
A study on human interface technology for immersive virtual-reality interaction
Human interface technology, which enables user analysis and manipulation on a large engineering data set such as CAE resultant data, plays an important role in the scientific data analysis process as well as immersive and collaborative display system like large screen walls. Traditional human interface technologies used a standalone indirect interface such as joystick or 3D wand, so that the design review or engineering analysis were performed in the view point of a system operator. However, the state of art motion sensing technologies derived from wearable or optical motion sensors are expected as new bidirectional and interactive communication ways between VR system users. This study introduces a fundamental research subjects on specialized human interface technology in immersive environment including VR navigation and data manipulation process using only body motion of users.
3 차원 가상현실에서 사용자의 자유로운 이동을 위한 내비게이션 인터페이스 비교연구
A Comparative Study on Navigation Interfaces for User’s Free Movement in 3D Virtual Reality Environment
Head Mounted Display(HMD)의 상용화로 실제 현실에 있는 듯한 높은 몰입의 가상현실을 쉽고 편리하게 체험하는 것이 가능해졌다. 이에 따라 최근에는 3 차원 정보를 가시적으로 제공하는 기본 기능뿐만 아니라 제스처 인터페이스를 이용하여 사용자가 가상 환경을 자유롭게 이동 및 체험할 수 있는 내비게이션 시스템에 대한 연구가 주목받고 있다. 하지만 각기 다른 인터페이스를 사용하여 내비게이션 시스템을 비교 평가한 연구는 드물다. 본 연구에서는 HMD 를 착용하고 3 차원 가상 환경을 자유롭게 체험하기 위해 (1) 기존의 마우스나 키보드를 이용한 이동방식, (2) Leap Motion 을 통한 손 제스처를 이용한 이동 방식, (3) 스마트폰의 터치 제스처를 이용한 이동 방식, 세 방식을 2 차원 이동(Walk)과 3 차원 이동으로(Fly) 나눠서 비교하고 가장 효{{br}}과적인 방식에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 또한 결과를 바탕으로 구글 카드 보드를 이용한 스마트폰 기반 가상현실을 구현하고 내비게이션 시스템을 적용하여 발전가능성을 파악하고자 한다.
증강현실 기술을 활용한 제조설비 인식 및 데이터 전송 방법론
Methodology of data transmit and marker cognition using augmented reality
Recently, the manufacturing industry is entering a new paradigm era based on technology such as IoT (Internet of Things), Big Data, and AR (Augmented Reality). However, IoT and Big Data are actively engaged in service contents research rather than manufacturing area. In addition, the AR technology is actively studied and developed for game and media contents. In this study, we propose a methodology to support decision making by inputting and storing manufacturing data at the manufacturing site to increase the responsiveness to uncertain events (failure occurrence or manufacturing facility failure) that may occur at the manufacturing site. Also, we will study the manufacturing facility marker recognition method that should be basically done to integrate the manufacturing environment augmented reality technology. In addition, we{{br}}propose a methodology that can monitor the related data after facility recognition and input the changed information to interoperate.
일관성 보증을 위한 KPI 기반 제조정보시스템의 요구사항 도출
시선 추적 장치를 이용한 한글 입력 인터페이스 구현
Design of a Korean character typing interface for monitor-mounted eye tracking device
Current eye typing interface for Korean barely mimics the configuration of computer keyboard. However, considering the fact that every Korean character results from a serial combination of initial, medial, and final phonemes, this conventional typing interface is extremely inefficient for eye typing. Thus, it is necessary to develop new Korean eye typing system, based on the phonological principles of Korean and features of monitor-mounted eye tracking devices. This paper reports new interface for Korean input system which is optimized at eye typing. It is characterized by a phased selecting system of each phoneme and an intuitive pattern of eye movement which corresponds to generating order of Korean syllable. Comparative analysis of the new interface against the conventional, computer-based keyboard reveals that the former outperforms the latter in terms of time efficiency and total length of eye trace. OpenFrameworks, the open source library based on C++, was utilized in the whole design process, and an eye tracking device from the Tobii was primarily used in experiment.
열 하중 및 선체 변형의 다중 하중을 고려한 LNG 운반선 배관시스템의 구조 안전성 해석
Structural Safety Assessment of LNG Carrier Piping System Considering Multiple Loads of Thermal Load and Hull Deformation
In this study, thermal stress and structural deformation analysis of piping systems installed on LNG carriers and offshore platforms were performed. The finite element analysis was carried out to reflect the multiple loads such as the displacement load transferred from the hull bending moment to the pipe, the thermal load due to temperature gradient of the hull, the inner pressure of the fluid, and the restraining load according to the piping support conditions. The properties and the load definition process for each part of the piping system are summarized and the safety is verified for each design condition by combining multiple loads. Through analysis, displacement, stress, and safety are discussed. The analysis results using the CAESAR-II program specific to the pipe element and the finite element analysis method are compared to validate the accuracy of analysis.